Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is nutrition?
science of nutrients in the food and their actions within the body.
why do we eat the foods we eat?
personal reasons, preference, cost, habit, emotional, ethnic heritage, values, and body weight.
six classes of nutrients?
carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, water, proteins, and lipids.
which is the simplest? 2nd simplest?
minerals. water.
which are organic?
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and vitamins
which are inorganic?
minerals and water
energy-yielding?
carbs, protein, fat.
what has the highest energy density?
fat
what are nutrients?
chemical substances obtained from food that is used for energy, repairing the body and stimulate growth.
what are macronutrients?
carbs, fats, and proteins, that are required in large amounts.
what are micronutrients?
vitamins and minerals that are required in small amounts.
what are essential nutrients?
nutrients that food must supply, there are 40 of them.
what is a kilocalorie?
the measure of heat energy
kcal of carbohydrates? protein? fats?
4k/cal. 4k/cal. 9k/cal.
control/experimental group?
The control group being absorbed receives no treatment, little treatment, or fake treatment, while the experimental group receives the dosage the researchers are interested in.
placebo?
group of people being lead to believe they are taking a drug but they are not, the brain tricks them into believing that they consumed it when they did not in reality.
randomization?
participants in clinical trials are chosen at random to receive different treatments or other inventions, minimizes bias.
blind/ double-blind experiment
both participants and researchers do not know who are the subjects, there can be no correlation. used to study complex relationships.
correlation/ causation?
correlations show an association, a positive correlation is not desired. a negative correlation is. correlation means there is a relationship or pattern between the value of two variables. causation means that one event causes another event to occur.
EER?
estimated energy requirement, the average intake that will maintain energy balance in a person who has a healthy body weight.
AMDR?
Acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges, the composition of a diet that provides adequate energy, nutrients, and reduces risks.
% that makeup ADMR?
45-65% of carbs, 20-35% of fat, 10-35% of protein
malnutrition and its symptoms?
condition of excess or deficit food energy or nutrient intake. reduced appetite, lack of interest in food, fatigue, diarrhea, skin rashes.
stages of developing a nutrient deficiency?
the first body has too little iron, second begins to use up its stores of iron, finally, the body’s iron stores are exhausted.
Food’s role in health?
to provide nutrients and vitamins.
some chronic disease risk factors?
tobacco, alcohol use, poor dietary habits, physical inactivity.
how can you identify nutrition experts?
degrees from accredited schools, pass a national exam, maintain registration. state registration, certification, or license to practice.
