Chapter 1 Flashcards
Guidelines applied to basic units of a project that cause the items to work together as a unified, completely finished item that serves a purpose within established parameters. Units can include the materials, concepts, and setting.
Design Principles
pg. 13
An organization, office, or individual responsible for enforcing the requirements of a code or standard, or approving equipment, materials, an installation, or a procedure.
Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ)
pg. 12
The use of a single organization to design and build a facility to minimize risks for the project owner. May also refer to a design-build firm.
Design - Build
pg. 12
A set of rules developed by a standards organization and adopted as law by a governmental body to regulate the minimum requirements for construction, renovation, and maintenance of buildings.
Building Code
pg. 13
Machines for living
Frank Lloyd Wright
pg. 13
Form follows function
Chicago architect Louis A. Sullivan
pg. 13
An architect with use ________________ relevant to the jurisdiction as a primary resource when choosing major building aspects and eliminating alternatives.
building codes
pg. 13
Major engineering specialties required during building construction activities include:
Civil Engineering Structural Engineering Mechanical Engineering Electrical Engineering Fire Protection Engineering
pg. 13-14
____________ may be actively involved in the permitting process in some jurisdictions.
Fire officials
pg. 15
Authorization issued from the appropriate authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) before any new construction, addition, renovation, alteration, or demolition of buildings or structures occurs.
Building Permit
pg. 15
A ________ is obtained from the local building department.
building permit
pg. 15
Group of people, usually five to seven, with experience in fire prevention, building construction, and/or code enforcement, who are legally constituted to arbitrate differences of opinion between fire and building officials, property owners, occupants, or builders.
Board of Appeals
pg. 15
When the fire department is involved in the ___________, fire safety issues can be addressed before construction begins.
planning process
pg. 15
Strategy to reduce overall time for completion of a project by merging the design and construction phases. Often used in conjunction with design - build.
Fast-Track Construction
pg. 16
A technique known as _________________ may be used to shorten the construction time by overlapping the design and construction phases. Construction work starts on completed early design phases while later phases are still in process. This method can greatly reduce total construction time making it attractive to owners.
fast-track construction
pg. 16
The _____________ witnesses system tests. The actual system tests are performed by the installing contractor’s representatives. This practice helps minimize fire service liability should a system component fail.
fire inspector
pg. 16
Assessment of a facility or location made before an emergency occurs, in order to prepare for an appropriate emergency response. Also known as a Preplan
Preincident Survey
pg. 16
Act of preparing to manage an incident at a particular location or a particular type of incident before an incident occurs. Also known as a Prefire Inspection, Prefire Planning, Preincident Inspection, Preincident Survey, or Preplanning.
Preincident Planning
pg. 16
Although jurisdictions can write and adopt their own codes, they typically adopt all or a portion of a ___________ package as their building and fire code.
model code
pg. 18
______ are not intended to address all features unique to a jurisdiction, so the AHJ may amend a model code through appropriate legislation to suit local conditions.
Model codes
pg. 18
The most widely used code in the United States is the ___________________ published by the ___________________.
International Building Code (IBC)
International Code Council (ICC)
pg. 18
Code that is dedicated to providing safety regulations for life safety, structural, and fire protection issues that occur throughout the life of a building.
International Building Code (IBC)
pg. 18
Organization that develops the International Building Code (IBC) and International Fire Code (IFC) for city and state adoption. Was formed by the merger of the Building Officials and Code Administrators (BOCA) International, Inc., the International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO), and the Southern Building Code Congress International (SBCCI).
International Code Council (ICC)
pg. 18
NFPA 1
Uniform Fire Code
pg. 18
NFPA 5000
Building Construction and Safety Code
pg. 18
NFPA 101
Life Safety Code
pg. 18
Provisions to building codes also devoted to fire safety include:
Structural fire resistance Flammability of interior finishes Adequacy of means of egress Enclosure of vertical openings Fire protection systems Exposure protection Occupancy separation Electrical systems Natural Gas
pg. 19
Numerous occupational safety standards and regulations address the inherent danger of fire fighting. The most prominent of these come from the _______ and the ______________________.
NFPA
U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
pg. 19
Occupant safety must also be considered in the following areas:
Design of stairs and walking surfaces Balcony railings Overhead obstacles Electrical systems Elevator opperation
pg. 19
Type I
Fire Resistive
pg. 20
Type II
Protected Noncombustible or Noncombustible
pg. 20
Type III
Exterior Protected (Masonry or Ordinary)
pg. 20
Type IV
Heavy Timber
pg. 20
Type V
Wood Frame
pg. 20
When a building encompasses multiple construction classifications; the building should be considered to meet the _______________________________.
lesser construction classification
pg. 20
(1) Total amount of heat produced or released to the atmosphere from the convective-lift phase of a fire, per unit mass of fuel consumed per unit of time. (2) Heat released when a material burns, expressed in kilowatts or British Thermal Units (Btu).
Heat Release Rate (HRR)
pg. 20
(1) Space protected from fire in the normal means of egress either by an approved sprinkler system, separation from other spaces within the same building by smokeproof wall, or location in an adjacent building. (2) Area where persons who are unable to use stairs can temporarily wait for instructions or assistance during an emergency building evacuation.
Area of Refuge
pg. 20
As a general rule; greater quantities of fuel or highly volatile fuels will generate a higher ______________
heat release rate
pg. 21
Occupancy and use are often addressed in the model coders because they affect the ____________, which in turn influences fire behavior within the structure.
fuel load
pg. 21
What year was the Americans with Disability Act (ADA) signed into law?
1990
pg. 21
The Act requires the removal of architectural barriers and the addition of other features to provide accessibility for persons with recognized impairments.
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
pg. 21
Some building elements that may be altered to improve access for ADA compliance are:
Building entrance Parking and passenger loading zones Elevators Alarms (visible and/or audible) Means of egress
pg. 21
____________ may not be required in buildings equipped with an automatic sprinkler system.
Areas of refuge
pg. 21
Where required, the area of refuge must be equipped with ________________ so occupants can call for assistance.
two-way communication
pg. 22
Areas of refuge may include arrangements such as:
Stairway landing in a smoke proof enclosure
Balcony located adjacent to an exterior stair
Protected vestibule adjacent to an exit enclosure
pg. 22
The type of _____________ used will be determined partially by the soil’s strength, resistance to strain, and stability.
foundation
pg. 22
While building code requirements address fire behavior and containment, building designers rarely consider __________ as a principle design element. Designers tend to focus on the structure’s non-fire functionality and visual appeal.
fire-fighting strategies
pg. 23
Distance from the street line to the front of a building.
Set back
pg. 23
Structures built before ________________ were often designed with greater structural mass than was absolutely necessary. This greater mass often results in greater structural stability under fire conditions
computer aided design (CAD)
pg. 25
Older neighborhoods sometimes undergo __________________ in which older properties are extensively rehabilitated to satisfy the desire of a modern real estate market.
gentrification
pg. 26
________ design can have an indirect effect on fire fighting.
Green
pg. 26
Energy efficient features, for example, include dual-pane windows and tighter fitting doors and seals. These affect the firefighters’ ability to quickly _______ a building.
ventilate
pg. 26
When doors and windows are tightly fitted, the flow of air to a fire is reduced, which results in a fire burning in an _________________ environment.
oxygen-poor
pg. 26
Under these circumstances, when ventilation does occur, a rapid development of the ______ can result. As a benefit, it is also possible in some cases that a fire can be so staved for oxygen that it burns itself out.
fire
pg. 26
