CHAPTER 1 Flashcards
expository passage
a kind of non-argument that begins with a topic sentence followed by one or more sentences that develop the topic sentence
illustration
an expression involving one or more examples that is intended to show what something means or how it is done
argument from example
an argument in which an example is cited to prove a conclusion
logic
the organized body of knowledge (science) that evaluates arguments
argument
a group of statements, one or more of which (the premises) are claimed to provide support for, or reasons to believe, one of the others (the conclusion)
statement
a statement that is either true or false
truth value
the attribute by which a statement is either true or false
premises
the statement that set forth the reasons or evidence
conclusion
the statement that the premises are claimed to support or imply
conclusion indicator
a word or phrase that provides a clue for identifying a conclusion
premise indicator
a word that provides a clue for identifying a premise
simple noninferential passage
a kind of nonargument that includes warnings, pieces of advice, opinions, loosely associated statements, and reports
a warning
a form of expression that is intended to put someone on guard against a dangerous or detrimental situation
A piece of evidence
a form of expression that makes a recommendation about some future decision or course of conduct
A statement of belief or opinion
an expression about what someone happens to believe or think about some thing
loosely associated statments
May be about the same general subject, but they lack a claim that one of them is provided by the others
report
consist of a group of statements that convey information about some topic or event
explanation
A kind of non-argument that purports to shed light on some event or phenomenon
explanandum
The statement that describes the event or phenomenon to be explained
explanans
The statement or group of statements that purports to do the explaining
conditional statement
a kind of non-argument expressed as an “if…then…” statement
ex) it’s professional football games incite violence in the home, then the widespread approval given to the sport should be reconsidered
antecedent
The part of the conditional statement that immediately follows “if.”
consequent
The part of the conditional statement that immediately follows “then”
sufficient condition
A is a sufficient condition for B whenever the occurrence of A is all that is needed for the occurrence of B.
necessary condition
B is a necessary condition for A whenever A cannot occur with that occurrence of B
