CHAPTER 1

Question 1

expository passage

Answer 1

a kind of non-argument that begins with a topic sentence followed by one or more sentences that develop the topic sentence

Question 2

illustration

Answer 2

an expression involving one or more examples that is intended to show what something means or how it is done

Question 3

argument from example

Answer 3

an argument in which an example is cited to prove a conclusion

Question 4

logic

Answer 4

the organized body of knowledge (science) that evaluates arguments

Question 5

argument

Answer 5

a group of statements, one or more of which (the premises) are claimed to provide support for, or reasons to believe, one of the others (the conclusion)

Question 6

statement

Answer 6

a statement that is either true or false

Question 7

truth value

Answer 7

the attribute by which a statement is either true or false

Question 8

premises

Answer 8

the statement that set forth the reasons or evidence

Question 9

conclusion

Answer 9

the statement that the premises are claimed to support or imply

Question 10

conclusion indicator

Answer 10

a word or phrase that provides a clue for identifying a conclusion

Question 11

premise indicator

Answer 11

a word that provides a clue for identifying a premise

Question 12

simple noninferential passage

Answer 12

a kind of nonargument that includes warnings, pieces of advice, opinions, loosely associated statements, and reports

Question 13

a warning

Answer 13

a form of expression that is intended to put someone on guard against a dangerous or detrimental situation

Question 14

A piece of evidence

Answer 14

a form of expression that makes a recommendation about some future decision or course of conduct

Question 15

A statement of belief or opinion

Answer 15

an expression about what someone happens to believe or think about some thing

Question 16

loosely associated statments

Answer 16

May be about the same general subject, but they lack a claim that one of them is provided by the others

Question 17

report

Answer 17

consist of a group of statements that convey information about some topic or event

Question 18

explanation

Answer 18

A kind of non-argument that purports to shed light on some event or phenomenon

Question 19

explanandum

Answer 19

The statement that describes the event or phenomenon to be explained

Question 20

explanans

Answer 20

The statement or group of statements that purports to do the explaining

Question 21

conditional statement

Answer 21

a kind of non-argument expressed as an “if…then…” statement

ex) it’s professional football games incite violence in the home, then the widespread approval given to the sport should be reconsidered

Question 22

antecedent

Answer 22

The part of the conditional statement that immediately follows “if.”

Question 23

consequent

Answer 23

The part of the conditional statement that immediately follows “then”

Question 24

sufficient condition

Answer 24

A is a sufficient condition for B whenever the occurrence of A is all that is needed for the occurrence of B.

Question 25

necessary condition

Answer 25

B is a necessary condition for A whenever A cannot occur with that occurrence of B