Chapter 1 Flashcards
Def’n of “nutrition”
The nutrients and other biologically active compounds in foods and in the body, sometimes also related to human behaviors related to food
Def’n of “diet”
The foods and beverages a person usually eats and drinks
Def’n of “food
Any substance the body can take in and assimilate, enabling it to stay alive and healthy. Also a carrier of nutrients
Def’n of Health
The state of a human when it finctions optimally without disease or abnormality
Can Cancer be prevented by diet?
Somewhat - largely genetics
Can Down Syndrome be prevented by diet?
No
Diabetes be prevented by diet?
Largely - somewhat genetics
Can Iron deficiency (anemia) be prevented by diet?
Yes
Def’n of “nutrients”
Components in food that are essential to the function of the body; They provide energy, building material, help maintain or repair the body, and support growth
Energy providing nutrients are:
Carbs, fat, and protein
Non-energy providing nutrients are:
Water, vitamins, and minerals
Def’n of “essential nutrients”
The nutrients the body can not make for itself, must be obtained through foods
Def’n of “conditionally essential nutrients”
The nutrients the body can not make enough for itself to meet the requirements for health
8 Essential Amino Acids
TV TILL PM:
Threonine, Valine, Tryptophan, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Phenylalanine, & Methionine
Essential Fatty Acids
Linolenic acid & linoleic acid
Essential vitamins
A, E, D (fat soluble) & K (conditional) all these are water soluble
Calorie values of energy yielding nutrients
Carbs: 4 Cal/g
Protein: 4 Cal/g
Fat (lipid): 9 Cal/9
25 grams of Crispers have 1.4 grams of protein, 5.5 grams of fat, 17 grams of carbs and 123 calories. Calculate the % of calories from fat and the % of calories from carbs.
5.5g fat x 9 calories/g = 49.5 calories, 49.5/123 x 100 = 40% calories from fat
17g CHO x 4 calories/g = 68 calories, 68/123 x 100 = 55% calories from carbs
Basic foods are…
… milk products, meats, fruits & veggies, and grains. The foods considered to form the basis of a nutritious diet
Enriched and fortified foods are…
…foods to which nutrients have been added.
Fast foods are…
restaurant foods that are available within minutes after order - traditionally burgers and fries
Functional foods are…
…an attempt to define foods that are known to posses nutrients or nonnutrients that might protect against disease, however all nutrients can protect against disease in some way
Natural foods are…
…a term implying wholeness
Nutraceutical…
…describes a product that has been isolated from food , often sold in pill form for medical benifits
Organic foods are…
…foods grown without synthetic pesticides or fertilizers
Processed foods are…
…foods subjected to any process, such as milling, alteration of texture, or addition of additives
Partitioned foods are…
…foods composed of parts of whole foods, like butter from milk, or sugar from cane. Often provide few nutrients and many calories
Staple foods are…
…foods used frequently, like rice, or potatoes
Studies that study individuals:
Case studies
Studies that study populations:
Epidemiological studies
Studies that study population with manipulation:
Intervention studies
Studies that occur in tightly controlled conditions:
Laboratory Studies
What is the scientific method
Observe and question –> Hypothesis and Prediction –> Experiment –> Results and Interpretations –> Hypothesis is either supported and you develop a theory, or it is not supported and you start from the beginning
A blind experiment is…
…an experiment in which the subjects do not know weather they are members of the experiment or not
A control group is…
…a group of individuals who are similar to the group being experimented on, but receive a fake experiment instead
Correlation is…
…the simultaneous change of two factors
Experimental groups are…
…people or animals participating in an experiment who receive treatment under investigation
Placebo is…
… a sham treatment, a harmless medication.
Randomized controlled trials (RCT) are…
…studies where the subjects are selected in such a way that they have an equal chance of being in the experimental group or the control group
Def’n of “Nutrient Density”
A way to assess which foods are the most nutritious (eg. skim milk vs. ice cream)
Is the term “Nutritionist” regulated?
No, the nutritionist may have a degree in nutrition or may be self-taught. Your pet can get a nutrition diploma from a diploma mill
Is the term “Registered Diettitian (R.D) regulated?
Yes! They are a member of a provincial regulatory body, have a degree and internship
