Chapter 1 Flashcards
1
Q
- What is the difference between the concepts of ‘basic substance’ and ‘simple substance’? Illustrate this with an example.
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2
Q
- Give a summary of Aristotle’s four elements theory.
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3
Q
- How does the meaning of the concept ‘element’ used by the Greek philosophers differ from our current definition of this concept?
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4
Q
- Compare the definition of ‘element’ given by Mendeleev with that of ‘basic substance’ given by Paneth.
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5
Q
- Why did Lavoisier consider ‘heat’, ‘light’, barite (= BaSO4), and alumina (= Al2O3) as chemical elements, although we no longer consider them as elements?
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6
Q
- Describe Mendeleev’s definition of chemical element.
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7
Q
- What are Lavoisier’s restricted and extended laws of conservation of elements? Compare those 2 laws.
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8
Q
- Dalton defined the chemical atom as the smallest quantity of a substance still showing the properties of the whole. Explain how Dalton’s atomic model led to a contradiction.
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9
Q
- What are the postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory?
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10
Q
- Where did the alchemical idea of transmuting base metals (e.g. lead) into gold originate from?
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11
Q
- What is the difference between an element and an isotope?
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12
Q
- Why did Mendeleev select the atomic weight as the fundamental properties of a basic substance?
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13
Q
- Elaborate the statement: “For Mendeleev, the periodic table is a classification of elements, not of simple substances as conceived by Lavoisier.”
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14
Q
- Compare Boyle’s and Lavoisier’s definitions of a chemical element.
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15
Q
- Why is it wrong to state that the density of carbon is 2.267 gcm−3?
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