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Chemisty > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Chemistry

A

The study of matter and the changes it undergoes ( central science)

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2
Q

Scientific method

A

A systematic approach to research

Observation—>representation——> interpretation—> back to observation

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3
Q

Hypothesis

A

A tentative exclamation for a set of observation ( educated guess)

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4
Q

Law

A

A concise statement of a relationship between phenomena that is always the same under the same condition.

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5
Q

Theory

A

A uniting principle that explains the body of facts and/or those laws that are based on them

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6
Q

Classification of matter

A 
Matter 
Substance 
Elements 
Compounds
Mixture
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7
Q

Matter

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass

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8
Q

Substance

A

A term of matter that has a definite (constract) composition and distinct properties.

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9
Q

Elements

A

A substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical methods ( periodic table)

Example : hydrogen/ Oxygen

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10
Q

Compounds

A

Composed of Atoms of two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions;can only be separated into elements by chemical means

Example: Sand with iron fillings and oil and water.

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11
Q

Mixture

A

Combination of two or more substances in which they retain their distinct identities and they can be separated into pure components by physical means

Example: Evaporating water to see the left over salt

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12
Q

Homogeneous mixtures

A

The composition of the mixture is the same throughout.

Example: sugar resolving in water, air

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13
Q

Heterogeneous mixture

A

The composition of the mixture is not uniform.

Example; sand with iron fillings, oil and water.

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14
Q

States of matter

A

Solid
Liquid
Gas

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15
Q

Solid

A

Particles are held close together (atoms, molecules, Ions) in And orderly fashion with a little freedom of motion

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16
Q

Liquid

A

Particles are Close together but can you past each other

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17
Q

Gas

A

Particles are separated by distance that are large composed to their size

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18
Q

Fusion
(Melting). Vaporization
Solid liquid gas
Freezing. Condensation

A

Know this

19
Q

Physical property

A

Can be measured in observed without changing composition or identity of the substance

20
Q

Chemical property

A

Observed by changing out a chemical change which alters the composition or identity of the substance involved

21
Q

Extensive property

A

Depends on how much matter is being considered

example:mass,length,and volume

22
Q

Intensive property

A

Does not depend on how much matter is being considered

Example: Density temperature and color

23
Q

Macroscopic property

A

Can be determined directly

24
Q

Microscopic property

A

On the atomic or molecular scale must be determined by indirect methods

25
Q

SI units

A

International system of units

26
Q 
Best quantity
Length (L)
mass (m)
time (t)
electrical current (I)
temperature (T)
amount (n)
A 
Name of unit
Meter (m)
kilogram (kg)
seconds (s)
ampere (A)
Kelvin (k)
Mole (mol)
27
Q

Mass (m)

A

Measure of the quantity of matter
- different from weight
- The SI units is KG
(1 kg =10^3g=1000g)

28
Q

Volume (v)

A

How much space matter takes up
- SI unit derived unit is cubic meter (m^3)
-commonly used unit is liter( L) where
1L=1000 mL = 1000 cm^3 =1dm^3 & 1 mL=1 cm^3

29
Q

Density formula

A

D= m/v

Mass/ volume

30
Q

Scientific notation

A

System of handling numbers that are very large or very small or numbers of atoms in 12 G of carbon

31
Q

Significant figures

A

The meaning digits in a measured or calculated quantity used to indicate the Margin of error ( last digits is understood to be uncertain)

32
Q

Exact numbers

A

Numbers from definitions of numbers of objects are considered to be an infinite number of significant figures

33
Q

Accuracy

A

How close a measurement is to the true value

34
Q

Precision

A

How close is that of measurement are to each other

35
Q

Dimensional analysis

A

Method to convert between units in solving chemistry problems based on the relationship between different units that express the same physical quantity

36
Q

Mega (M)

A

10^6

1Mm= 10^6m

37
Q

Kilo( k)

A

10^3

1 km = 10^3 m

38
Q

Deci (d)

A

10^-1

1 dm= 10^-1m

39
Q

Centi (c)

A

10^-2

1 cm= 10^-2m

40
Q

Milli ( m)

A

10^-3

1mm=10^-3m

41
Q

Micro( fancy m)

A

10^-6

1mm= 10^-6m

42
Q

Neno ( n)

A

10^-9

1nm=10^-9m

43
Q

Pico (p)

A

10^-12

1 pm= 10^-12m

44
Q

Femto (f)

A

10^-15

1fm= 10^-15 m

Chemisty (1 decks)

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