Chapter 1

Question 1

G. Stanley

Answer 1

Created the first institute devoted to childhood development in the U.S.

Question 2

Normative Transitions

Answer 2

Normal life transitions such as marriage, graduating, etc.

Question 3

Non-normative Transitions

Answer 3

Atypical or abnormal life transitions.

Eg: Divorce, death of a child

Question 4

Cohort

Answer 4

The age group in which we grow up with.

Eg: baby boomers

Question 5

Tabala Rasa

Answer 5

John Locke’s philosophy. When we’re born, our minds are blank states. How we’re treated shapes our adult lives.

Question 6

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Answer 6

Philosopher who believed children are born innocent, thus, they should be showered with love.

Question 7

The 20th Century Life Expectancy Revolution

Answer 7

People began to live longer lives due to better public health conditions.

Question 8

The 20th Century Revolution In Lifestyles

Answer 8

Bunch of protests began. The 1960s was the decade of the protests.

Question 9

Socioeconomic Status

Answer 9

Pertains to how wealthy and educated you are.

Question 10

Developing world

Answer 10

Less affluent countries. Bad quality of living altogether.

Question 11

Developed world

Answer 11

Richer countries. Better technology and overall public health conditions.

Question 12

Collectivist Cultures

Answer 12

Believe in social harmony, less independent. Children must obey elders.

Question 13

Individualistic Cultures

Answer 13

Believed in personal success, independence and competition.

Question 14

New Old

Answer 14

Ages 60-70

Question 15

Old old

Answer 15

Ages 80 and above

Question 16

Nature

Answer 16

How biological factors shape who we are.

Question 17

Nurture

Answer 17

How our environments shape who they are

Question 18

Traditional behaviorism

Answer 18

Believes in the nurture aspect of our lives. (The environment)

Question 19

Operant conditioning (B.F. Skinner)

Answer 19

We behave based on what is reinforced by others.

Question 20

Cognitive behaviorism

Answer 20

People learn by watching others

Question 21

Modeling (Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory)

Answer 21

Learning by mimicking others.

Question 22

Self-efficiency

Answer 22

Our own personal belief in our competence.

Question 23

Physoanalytic theory (Freud)

Answer 23

The way we’re loved shapes are personality’s

Question 24

John Bowlby’s Attachment Theory

Answer 24

Bowlby believes our attachment responses promote our survival. Somewhat similar to Frued’s theory.

Question 25

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 25

Refers to the nature aspect of our lives. (Genetics)

Question 26

Evocative Forces

Answer 26

Our genetic tendencies cause others to response to us in different ways.

Question 27

Biodirectionality

Answer 27

We affect one another. Influence flows in both directions.

Question 28

Active forces

Answer 28

Our genetic tendencies place us in certain environments

Question 29

Psychosocial Tasks

Answer 29

Created By Erik Erickson. Infancy - Late Adulthood.

Question 30

Behavioral genetics

Answer 30

Studies the role hereditary forces play in our lives.

Question 31

Jean Piagets Cognitive Development Theory

Answer 31

4 stages focused on the development of children

1. Sensimotor
2. Preoperational
3. Concrete Operational
4. Formal Operations