Chapter 1

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

The overarching set of all individuals which we want to study.

Question 2

Sample

Answer 2

A subset of a population on which we gather data that can be used to make inferences about a population.

Question 3

Census

Answer 3

Gathering data on each individual within a population

Question 4

Parameter

Answer 4

A numerical value summarizing the population data (mean, median, mode, range, maximum, etc.) The value of the parameter is usually unknown.

Question 5

Statistic

Answer 5

A numerical value summarizing the sample data (sample mean, median, mode, range, etc.)

Question 6

Data

Answer 6

Information, numerical or qualitative gathered through experiments and surveys.

Question 7

Subject

Answer 7

An individual within a sample.

Question 8

Variables

Answer 8

The features that we measure about the subjects.

Question 9

Quantitative variables

Answer 9

numerical data that gives us some quantity.

Question 10

Categorical variables

Answer 10

Variables that sort and organize the data into different categories or classifications.

Question 11

The Statistical Method (Three Steps)

Answer 11

1) Design
2) Description
3) Inference

Question 12

Design

Answer 12

Refers to how the data is obtained. Valid inferences cannot be made without a good design.

Question 13

Description

Answer 13

The summarizing of data obtained. (Providng the mean or percentage, creating a bar graph or pie chart, etc.)

Question 14

Inference.

Answer 14

Making decisions or predictions based on the data.

Question 15

μ

Answer 15

Mu. Population mean (parameter)

Question 16

́x

Answer 16

X-bar Sample mean (statistic)

Question 17

P

Answer 17

P. Population proportion (parameter)

Question 18

p

Answer 18

p-hat. Sample proportion

Question 19

Proportion

Answer 19

Another way to express a percentage. Must be between 0 and 1.

Question 20

Satistics

Answer 20

The art and science of designing studies and analyzing data that those studies produce.

Question 21

What is the ultimate goal of statistics?

Answer 21

Translating the data into knowledge and understanding of the world around us.

Question 22

Four steps of satisitcs

Answer 22

1) Formulate a statistical question. 2) Collect data. 3) Analyze data. 4) Interpret results.

Question 23

Probability

Answer 23

A framework for quantifying how likely various outcomes are.

Question 24

Random sampling

Answer 24

Selecting subjects randomly to create a good reflection of the population at large. Very likely to fall withing 5 percentage points of the actual population.