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My AP 1 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define

Anatomy

A

The science of body structures and the relationships among them.

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2
Q

Define

Physiology

A

The science of body functions- how the body parts work

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3
Q

Embryology

A

The first eight weeks of development after fertilization of a human egg

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4
Q

Developmental Biology

A

The complete development of an individual from fertilization to death

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5
Q

Cell Biology

A

Cellular structures and functions

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6
Q

Histology

A

Microscopic structure of tissues

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7
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

Structures that can be examined without a microscope

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8
Q

Systemic anatomy

A

Structure of specific systems of the body such as nervous or realities systems

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9
Q

Regional Anatomy

A

Specific regions of the body such as the head or the chest

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10
Q

Surface anatomy

A

Surface markings of the body to understand internal anatomy through visualization and palpitation (general touch)

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11
Q

Imaging Anatomy

A

Internal body structures that can be visualized with techniques such as x-rays, MRI, CT scans, and other technologies for clinical analysis and medical intervention.

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12
Q

Pathological Anatomy

A

Structural changes (gross to microscope) associated with disease.

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13
Q

Molecular physiology

A

Functions of individual molecules such as proteins and DNA

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14
Q

Neurophysiology

A

Functional properties of nerve cells

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15
Q

Endocrinology

A

Hormones (chemical regulators in the blood) and how they control body functions

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16
Q

Cardiovascular physiology

A

Functions of the heart and blood vessels

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17
Q

Immunology

A

The body’s defenses against disease-causing agents

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18
Q

Respiratory physiology

A

Functions of the air passageways and lungs

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19
Q

Renal physiology

A

Functions of the kidneys

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20
Q

Exercise physiology

A

Changes in cell and organ functions due to muscular activity

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21
Q

Pathophysiology

A

Functional changes associated with disease and aging.

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22
Q

Six levels of organization

A

Chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, system level, organismal level

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23
Q

Chemical level

A

Atoms

Molecules

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24
Q

Cellular level

A

Cells

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25
Q

Tissue level

A

Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue, nervous tissue

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26
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs and cavities, and forms glands

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27
Q

Connective tissue

A

Connects, supports, and protects body organs while distributing blood vessels to other tissues

28
Q

Muscular tissue

A

Contracts to make body parts move

generates heat

29
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Carries information from one part of the body to another through nerve impulses

30
Q

Organ level

A

Different types of tissues are joined together

31
Q

Organs

A

Structures composed of two or more different types of tissues

Specific functions and recognizable shapes

32
Q

System

A

Consists of related organs with a common function

33
Q

Organismal level

A

All the parts of the human body functioning together constitute the total organism

34
Q

Organism

A

Any living individual

35
Q

Integumentary System

A

Skin, (associated structures), hair, fingernails, toenails, sweat glands, oil glands

36
Q

Skeletal System

A

Bones and joints of the body, and their associated cartilages

37
Q

Muscular system

A

Skeletal muscle tissue

38
Q

Nervous System

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, eyes, and ears

39
Q

Endocrine System

A

Pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes

40
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Blood, heart, blood vessels

41
Q

Lymphatic System and Immunity

A

Lymphatic fluid and vessels; spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, and tonsils, (cells that carry out immune responses) B cells, T cells, and others

42
Q

Respiratory System

A

Lungs, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchial tubes

43
Q

Digestive System

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, anus; salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

44
Q

Urinary System

A

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

45
Q

Reproductive System

A 
Gonads (testes and ovaries)
Associated organs (uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and mammary glands in females) (epididymis, ductus, deferents, seminal vesicles, prostate, and penis in males)
46
Q

6 important life processes of the human body

A

1) Metabolism
2) Responsiveness
3) Movement
4) Growth
5) Differentiation
6) Reproduction

47
Q

Metabolism

A

The sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body

48
Q

2 phases of metabolism

A

1) Catabolism

2) Anabolism

49
Q

Catabolism

A

The breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components

50
Q

Anabolism

A

The building up of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler components

51
Q

Responsiveness

A

The body’s ability to detect and respond to changes

52
Q

Movement

A

Includes motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, and even tiny structures inside the cells

53
Q

Growth

A

Increase in body size that results from an increase in the size of existing cells, increase in the number of cells, or both. + a tissue sometimes increases in size because of the amount of material between cell increases.

54
Q

Differentiation

A

The development of a cell from an unspecified to a specified state.

55
Q

Stem Cells

A

Precursor cells, which can divide and give rise to cells that undergo differentiation.

56
Q

Reproduction

A

1) the formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair, or replacement
2) the production of a new individual

57
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintence of relatively stable conditions in the body’s internal environment.

58
Q

Body Fluids

A

Dilute, watery solutions containing dissolved chemicals that are found inside cells as well as surrounding them

59
Q

Intercellular fluid (ICF)

A

The fluid within cells

60
Q

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

A

The fluid outside body cells

61
Q

Interstitial fluid

A

The ECF that fills the narrow spaces between cells of tissues

62
Q

Blood plasma

A

The ECF within blood vessels

63
Q

Lymph

A

The ECF within lymphatic vessels

64
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

The ECF in and around the brain and spinal cord

65
Q

Synovial Fluid

A

The ECF in joints

66
Q

Aqueous humor and Vitreous body

A

ECF of the eyes

My AP 1 (1 decks)

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