Chapter 1 Flashcards
Motivational interviewing
a method of questioning clients in a way that encourages them to honestly examine their beliefs and behaviors, and that motivates clients to make a decision to change a particular behavior
C.A.C.E
AKA, Spirit of Motivational Interviewing.
Collaboration, Affirmation, Compassion, Evoking
O.A.R.S
The Four core skills of motivational interviewing.
Open-ended questions, affirmations, reflective listening, summarizing.
Open-ended questions
Questions that invite clients to share more information, tell their stories, and paint a broader picture for the health coach. They allow information that is important to clients to surface, and commonly begin with the words “what” or “how.”
Affirmations
are statements that reinforce clients’ strengths, intentions, accomplishments, and efforts. Health coaches use affirmations to build client self-efficacy and confidence, as well as to indicate progress toward desired lifestyle changes.
Reflective listening
(also referred to as active listening): is an attentive approach that combines verbal and nonverabl responses to indicate interest and understanding, and to encourage the speaker to continue. This helps clients feel understood and valued, and thereby fosters the establishment of rapport and connection between the coach and client.
Summarizing
provides an opportunity for the health coach to emphasize and pull together certain parts of the conversation that are especially helpful and useful. At appropriate moments in the conversation, the health coach can recap key points that the client has shared that have a bearing on meeting the client’s stated objectives
The four processes of motivational interviewing
Engaging, Focusing, Evoking, Planning
Engaging: the process of engaging builds a helpful, positive rapport and trust between the client and health coach. As health coaches use open-ended questions and other effective communication skills to understand their clients, clients begin to feel respected and valued. During the process of engaging, health coaches strive to convey a feeling of professional, unconditional positive regard for the client.
Focusing: is also referred to as agenda setting, means understanding more deeply the target areas that clients wish to change in order to provide useful direction for the coaching sessions. Focusing discussions may reveal some of the ambivalence, complexities, and conflicts that clients are experiencing as they consider behavior change and the direction that they take.
Evoking: eliciting a client’s own reasons and argument for change. The process of evoking means discovering and discussing the client’s own motivations for change. The health coach guides the client to make his or her arguments for change by strategically responding to both sustain talk and change talk.
Planning: if and when clients decide they want to make a health-behavior change, it is often marked by greater discussion and through by the client around when and how to change, as opposed to whether and why to change.
Cognitive behavioral coaching (CBC)
a method of coaching borrowed from cognitive behavioral therapy; aims to help a client intentionally change the way he or she thinks about life events; functions to facilitate behavior change. Skilled health coaches can apply the basic principles through CBC, which is designed for emotionally healthy, non-clinical clients.
How to help clients through irrational thoughts
Examine the automatic thoughts that are negative.
Identify cognitive distortions with the automatic thoughts
Dispute automatic thoughts
Develop a rational rebuttal to automatic thoughts
Reframing is a way of viewing and experiencing events, ideas, concepts, and emotions to find more positive alternative
Discuss the key components of SMART goals.
Specific: goals must be clear and unambiguous, stating specifically what should be accomplished
Measurable: goals must be measurable so that clients can see whether they are making progress.
Attainable: goals should be realistically attainable by the individual client. The achievement of attaining a goal reinforces commitment to the program and encourages the client to continue exercising. Attaining goals is also a testimony to the PT’s effectiveness.
Relevant: Goals must be relevant to the particular interests, needs and abilities of the individual client.
Time-bound: goals must be relevant to the particular interests, needs, and abilities of the individual client.
Strength based coaching
is a client focused and emphasizes strengths and resourcefulness, centering around future outcomes.
Focuses on the future versus CBC which focuses on the present.
By focusing on the future, it identifies what is going well, and build on top of that
Identify individual resilience
Establishes and identify grit which is perseverance and passion for growth
Develop a growth mindset which perceives challenges as an opportunity to grow rather than an obstacle
Ambivalence
a moment with a client realizes they want to change but don’t want to change, at the same time
Direct Style of communication
in this style, the professionals are accustomed to sharing their expertise by providing instructions and recommendations.
Guiding Style of communication:
the coach encourages, supports, and assists the client in the process of change.
