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chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A-band

A

region of striated muscle that contains myosin thick filaments

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2
Q

acetylcholine

A

a neurotransmitter release bye nerve cells

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3
Q

actin

A

one of the proteins that forms microfilaments

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4
Q

action potential

A

neuron sending information down an axon

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5
Q

all or none principal

A

a neuron fires or it doesn’t

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6
Q

alveolar pressure

A

the pressure of the air inside the lung alveoli. When no air is flowing in or out the pressure is equal

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7
Q

alveoli

A

tiny air sacs in lungs

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8
Q

aortic valve

A

the valve between the left ventricle and the aorta

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9
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

everything that is not the cranium or vertebral column

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10
Q

arterial system

A

high pressure portion of the circulatory system

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11
Q

arteriole

A

small branch of an artery leading into capillaries

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12
Q

artery

A

blood vessels that deliver blood away from the heart

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13
Q

AV bundle

A

extension of AV node

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14
Q

AV node

A

part of the electrical system of the heart that coordinates the top of the heart

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15
Q

AV valves

A

the valves between the atriums and ventricles

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16
Q

atrium

A

top chambers of the heart

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17
Q

axial skeleton

A

skull and vertebral column, ribs and sternum

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18
Q

biaxial joints

A

has movement along two axis

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19
Q

bone periosteum

A

membrane that covers the outer surface of all bones

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20
Q

bradycardia

A

slow heart beat

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21
Q

bronchi

A

airways that lead from the trachea into the lungs

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22
Q

bronchioles

A

air passages inside the lung

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23
Q

capillary

A

small blood vessel, convey blood between arterioles and venules

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24
Q

cartilagenous joints

A

joints attached by cartilage

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25
Q

crossbridge

A

attachment of actin within the muscle cell

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26
Q

depolarization

A

change resulting in a negative charge within a cell

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27
Q

diastole

A

phase of heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and the chamber fill with blood

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28
Q

diffusion

A

movement of a substance from high concentration to low concentration

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29
Q

distal

A

away from the center of the body

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30
Q

electrocardiogram

A

a test that measures the electrical activity of the heart

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31
Q

endomysium

A

membrane that covers individual muscle fibers

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32
Q

epimysium

A

connective tissue that covers muscles

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33
Q

extrafusal fibers

A

skeletal standard muscle fibers, major force producing structure

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34
Q

fast twitch fiber

A

muscle fibers with a fast twitch time, generate the most power, fatigue quickly

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35
Q

fibrous joints

A

joints where bones are connected by fibrous tissue

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36
Q

golgi tendon organ

A

a proprioceptor that sense changes in muscle tension

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37
Q

hemoglobin

A

protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen

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38
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

cartilage found in ribs, nose, trachea and larynx

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39
Q

h - zone

A

central region of a band, thick myosin and is shortened during contraction

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40
Q

I band

A

areas in two adjacent carcomeres that contain only actin filaments

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41
Q

inferior

A

what is below

42
Q

intrafuscal fibers

A

skeletal muscle fibers that serve as proprioceptors (constitute the muscle spindle)

43
Q

left bundle branch

A

conduct impulses to all parts of the ventricles

44
Q

mitral valve

A

the valve between left and right atrium

45
Q

motor neuron

A

a neuron whose cell body is located in the motor cortex, mainly affects muscles

46
Q

motor unit

A

made of a motor neuron and the skeletal muscle fibers that that neuron axonal terminates

47
Q

multiaxial joints

A

joints that move through 3 axis

48
Q

muscle fiber

A

composed of myofibrils

49
Q

muscle spindle

A

stretch receptors

50
Q

myocardium

A

heart muscle

51
Q

myofibrils

A

any of the contractile threads found in striated muscle cells

52
Q

myofilament

A

filaments of myofibrils, constructed from poteins, myosin or actin

53
Q

myosin

A

motor proteins known for their role in muscle contraction

54
Q

neuromuscular junction

A

synapse between motor neuron on muscle fiber

55
Q

PNS

A

rest and digest

56
Q

perimysium

A

connective tissue covering a bundle of muscle fibers

57
Q

pleura

A

a membrane that covers the surfact of your lungs and inside your chest wall

58
Q

pleural pressure

A

the pressure surrounding the lung within the pleural space

59
Q

power stroke

A

mechanism for myosin movement along actin filaments

60
Q

proprietor

A

a sensory receptor

61
Q

proximal

A

closer to the center of the body

62
Q

pulmonary valve

A

the valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

63
Q

purkinje fibers

A

fibers that receive and signals originating at the atrioventricular node

64
Q

P wave

A

depolarization of the atria

65
Q

QRS complex

A

represents ventricular depolarization

66
Q

red blood cell

A

cells made in bone marrow and found in blood, transports oxygen and remove co2

67
Q

repolarization

A

change in membrane potential that returns it to a negative value after depolarization

68
Q

sarcolemma

A

cell membrane which surrounds striated muscle fiber cells

69
Q

sarcomere

A

complicated unit of striated muscle tissue

70
Q

sarcoplasm

A

cytoplasm of striated muscle cells

71
Q

sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

found in muscle cells, stores calcium ions

72
Q

semilunar valves

A

the valve found between ventricles and arteries

73
Q

SA node

A

controls heart rhythm

74
Q

sliding filament theory

A

the theory that muscles contract due to actin and myosin binding together and myosin contracting

75
Q

slow twitch fiber

A

muscle fibers with a slow twitch time (type 1)

76
Q

superior

A

referring to something above in anatomical position

77
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

fight or flight

78
Q

synovial fluid

A

fluid found in cavaties in synovial joints

79
Q

synovial joints

A

joints in a cavity filled with fluid (limb joints)

80
Q

systole

A

period of contraction of the ventricles

81
Q

tachycardia

A

fast heart beat

82
Q

tendon

A

attaches muscle to bone

83
Q

tetanus

A

when the relaxation phase diasppears and contractions become continuous

84
Q

trachea

A

your windpipe

85
Q

tricuspid valve

A

allows blood to flow from right atrium to right ventricle

86
Q

tropomyosin

A

a protein that wraps around actin and prevents myosin from grabbing it, this prevents muscle contractions until the proper signal arrives

87
Q

troponin

A

a group of proteins that regulate contractions of the heart and skeletal muscles

88
Q

t tubule

A

extensions of the cell membrane that penetrate into the center of the skeletal and cardiac muscle cells

89
Q

t wave

A

repolarization of the ventricles

90
Q

twitch

A

an isolated contraction in a muscle fiber caused by an action potential

91
Q

type 1 fiber

A

slow twitch fibers, don’‘t tire quickly but dont produce much force

92
Q

type 2a

A

a combination of type 1 and 2x

93
Q

type 2x

A

create most force but very inefficient

94
Q

uniaxial joints

A

rotate along one axis

95
Q

vein

A

low pressure blood carries, carries blood back to heart

96
Q

venous system

A

the system that transports blood back to the heart

97
Q

ventricle

A

bottom chambers of the heart

98
Q

venule

A

small vein

99
Q

vertebral column

100
Q

z line

A

middle of the I band

CSCS (1 decks)

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