Chapter 1 Flashcards
- Sweating in terrestrial mammals enchance evaporative cooling. Which characteristic of life is illustrated in this example?
Homeostasis
In the characteristic of life. We have abbreviation, CHROMGARD.
In that abbreviation what does the C means?
Cell
In the characteristic of life. We have abbreviation, CHROMGARD.
In that abbreviation what does the two R’s means?
Reproduction
Response to stimuli
In the characteristic of life. We have abbreviation, CHROMGARD.
In that abbreviation what does the G means?
Growth
In the characteristic of life. We have abbreviation, CHROMGARD.
In that abbreviation what does the H means?
Homeostasis
In the characteristic of life. We have abbreviation, CHROMGARD.
In that abbreviation what does the D means?
Development
In the characteristic of life. We have abbreviation, CHROMGARD.
In that abbreviation what does the A means?
Adaptation
In the characteristic of life. We have abbreviation, CHROMGARD.
In that abbreviation what does the M means?
Metabolism
In the characteristic of life. We have abbreviation, CHROMGARD.
In that abbreviation what does the O means?
Organization
True or False
All living things are composed of cell
True
All organism are composed of cell. It might be _________ or ________
Multicellular
Unicellular
Which of the following is an example of multicellular?
A. Bacteria
B. Tissues
C. Yeast
D. Cyanobacteria
B. Tissues
True or false
Homeostasis is also called as Regulation.
True
__________ is the ability or tendency to maintain internal stability in an organism to compensate for environment changes.
Homeostasis
True or False
All living things are capable of reproduction.
True
What are the two types of Reproduction?
Asexual and sexual
_________ reproduction is a type of reproduction which not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosome.
Asexual
The offspring of this type of reproduction is came from a single cell or from multicellular organism inherit the genes of that parent. Example of this are starfish, Wasp and Aphid.
Asexual Reproduction
True or false
Living things have certain level of organization.
True.
What is the missing term in this level of organization.
______ - molecules - _______ - _______ - organs - ________- organism.
Atom- molecules- cells- tissues- organs- organ systems- organism
It is also known as the powerhouse of the cell.
Mitochondria
What is the lowest level of organization in living things?
Cell
What is the basic unit of life?
Cells
What do you call to the whole range of biochemical processes that occur within a living organism?
Metabolism
What is the type of metabolism that refers to the buildup of substance?
Anabolism
What is the type of metabolism that refers to the breakdown of substance?
Catabolism
This term is commonly used to refer specifically to the breakdown of food and its transformation into energy.
Metabolism
What do you call to the process by which a species becomes fitted to it’s environment; it is also the result of natural selection’s acting upon heritable variation over several generations.
Adaptation
What is the simplest type of response?
Direct one to one stimulus-response reaction
In response to stimuli. what do you call to the change in environment?
Stimulus or stimuli
In response to stimuli, what do you call to the reaction of the organism to the change of environment?
Response
It is the progressive change in size, shape, and function during the life of a organism by which it’s genetic potential (genotype) are translated into functioning mature systems (phenotype).
Development
True or False
Development in the characteristic of life involves the process of cell divisions to develop the cell to fetus
True
Knowing all the characteristic of life, do you think viruses are living things or not
No
What is growth?
There an increase the size of organism.
Viruses is not a living things because?
They’re also not made up of cell
They can’t multiply without a host.
No reproduction means not living.
It is a microscopic parasite that can infect living organism and causes diseases. It can make copies of itself another organism’s cell.
Virus
Viruses consisit of ________ and a _______.
Nucleic acid and protein coat.
The stage of photosynthesis are ______
A. Krebs cycle and Electron transport
B. Gylcolisis and Calvin Cycle
C. Light reaction and Calvin Cycle
D. Light reaction and Krebs cycle.
C. Light reaction and Calvin Cycle
Which of the following cell modifications do not function to increase surface are of cell?
A. Extension of the neurons
B. Biconcave disk shape of red blood cells
C. Root hair at the tip of the roots
D. Microvilli in the cell of the small intestine
A. Extension of the neurons.
Why do the surface area of the cell need to increase?
It needs to increase for the absorption
Why do the surface area of the cell need to increase?
It needs to increase for the absorption
The surface area of the red blood cells increases because?
They absorb oxygen and carry it throughout our body.
Root tips need ____ in order to increase surface area for the absorbsortion of water
Root hair.
When you see the cross-section of your small intestine, there are protruding structures called _____?
Villi
The function of Villi or Microvilli is to absorb _____
Absorbsortion of nutrient in small intestine
What is the function of Cytoplasmic extension?
To transmit signals
What part of Cytoplasmic extension is responsible for carrying the signal AWAY from the cell body?
Axon
What part of Cytoplasmic extension is responsible for carrying the signal toward the cell body?
Dendrite
Corn is a diploid with chromosome number 2n=20. A student observed the dividing root cell of corn. He saw a cell with 20 chromosomes aligned at the middle. The specific cell is in which stage of cell division?
Metaphase
Which of the following is not part of Mitosis?
A. Prophase
B. Mitosis
C. Interphase
D.Telophase
C. Interphase
What is the stage of the cell cycle when a cell is preparing itself to duplicate?
Interphase
During this stage the cell performs it’s normal function, and grows in size. The cell replicates organelles as necessary. It is also the first stage of interphase
Gap 1 or G1
During this stage, the cell pauses it’s normal functioning. All resources are dedicated to replicating the DNA. What stage is it?
Synthesis
The process of synthesis starts with the two entertained strand of DNA being ____ be various _______
Unzipped… Proteins.
In unzipping the two entwined strand of DNA by various protein, what type of protein is responsible on it?
Polymerase enzymes
The cell will enter Mitosis after interphase if it is what?
Somatic cell
It refers to the identical copies formed by the DNA replication of chromosome, with the both copies joined together by common centromere.
Sister chromatids
What do you call to a pair of sister chromatids?
Dyad
It is the haploid reproduction cell in sexually reproducing organism they fuse with one another during Fertilization.
Gametes.
It is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information.
Meiosis
In this process the homologous chromosome are separated in one division, then sister chromatid in the next, creating cell with only half of a full genome.
Meiosis
______ cell will enter interphase but synthesis stage cannot occur until Fertilization occur with another gametes
Gamete
During this stage the cells adds volume to the cytoplasm, and replicates many important organelles.
Gap 2
In the G2 stage in the animals, what is being replicated to provide enough energy for the dividing cell?
Mitochondria
In the G2 stage in the plants, what are being replicated to provide the daughter cells with organelles capable of producing energy?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
A cell just finished dividing. It starts gathering nutrients and growing. It stops growing, does not start DNA replication. What stage is the cell in?
G⁰
A cell just finished dividing. It starts gathering nutrients and growing. It stops growing, does not start DNA replication. What stage is the cell in?
G⁰
A cell has grown a little, and replicate it’s DNA. What comes next?
Gap 2
Why is there no interphase in bacteria?
Bacteria have no organelles
It is the stage of mitosis when the chromosomes start to condense. What stage is it?
Prophase
In _____ stage the chromosome is not yet formed.
Interphase
The stage where the chromosomes are very distinct. What stage is it?
Prophase
It is the stage where the chromosomes are align in the middle of the cell. What stage is it?
Metaphase
What do you call to the place where the chromosomes line up during metaphase?
Metaphase plate
In this stage the sister chromosomes will separate in the opposite direction of the cell with the same number of chromosome. What stage is being describe?
Anaphase
It is the process that separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical cell.
Telophase
It is the final process in eukaryotic cell division, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles, and cellular membrane. It typically occurs at the end of metosis ,after telophase, but the two are independent processes.
Cytokinesis
Which of the following is not a component of cell membrane?
A. Vesicles
B. Glycoprotein
C. Phospholipid
D. Cholesterol
A. Vesicle
What are the three types of protein that are present in Cell Membrane?
Integral protein, glycoprotein and peripheral protein
It is the critical components of cell membranes, that acts as a barrier to the passage of molecules and ions into and out of the cell. What do you call to this part of the cell membrane?
Phospholipid bilayer
What is the important function of phospholipid bilayer?
It allows selective passage of a certain substance in and out of the cell
Energy is released through hydrolysis of ______, which is also reffered to as the “energy currency” of the cell.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Penicillin is an antibiotic that blocks the active site on an enzyme involve in cell wall formation in bacteria. It is an example of enzyme_____.
Inhibitor
It is a biological molecules (typically proteins) that significantly speed up the rate of virtually all of chemical reactions that take place within the cells.
Enzyme
What are the three types of enzyme inhibition?
No inhibition
Competitive inhibitor
Non-competitive inhibitor
It is a gene involve in controlling the expression of one or more other genes.
Regulator
It is a DNA that carries DNA molecules into another cell
Vector
Oxygen is required in ______
A. Glycolysis
B.alcohol fermentation
C. Anaerobic respiration
D. Electron transport system
D. Electron transport system
In glycolysis, Glucose to _______
Pyruvate
Glycolisis occurs in _____ during respiration
Cytosol
Pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation occurs in _____ during respiration
Mitochondrion
_____ is required in the final step of respiration. It will be the final Electron acceptor
Oxygen
True or False
Citric acid cycle and Krebs cycle are the same.
True.
Which of the following mechanisms does not result to genetic recombination in prokaryotes.
A. Fission
B. Conjugation
C. Transformation
D. Transduction
A. Fission
True or False
Transformation , conjugation , transduction is a Bacterial Gene Transfer. That transfer gene of one bacteria to another
True
It is a Bacterial Gene Transfer that received the Donor DNA by recipient
Transformation
Donor DNA is transferred directly to reciepient through a connecting tube. Contact and transfer are promoted by a specialized plasmid in the Donor cell. What is being describe above?.
Conjugation
It is the transfer of genetic material through the help of bacteriophage.
Transduction
Abaca (Manila hemp) is used as raw material for making ropes, slippers, bags and clothes. The fiber is draw from the inner part of the stem of abaca plat. What specific type of play cell is the fiber made up of
Sclerenchyma cell
Type of plant cell that perform most of the metabolic function of the plant and thin and flexible cell wall.
Parenchyma
Type of plant cell that provide flexible support without restraining growth. It is also a thicker primary walls than parenchyma cell ( unevenly thickened).
Collenchyma
Type of cell that is a secondary wall are thick and contain large amounts of lignin. It is also for support and strengthening.
Sclerenchyma
Poinsettia have bright red leaves to attract pollinators. These modified leaves are called______.
Bracts
True or false
Bracts and tendrils are modified leaves
True
True or false
Corolla is a collective terms for petals for a flower.
True
True or False
Calyx is a collective form for the sepals
True
Roots of legumes such as peas, soybean, and peanuts have nodules containing Rhizobium, a nitrogen-fixing bacteria. What is the role of Rhizobium
Convert gaseos nitrogen to Ammonia NH³
True or False
The nitrogen in the atmosphere (N2) can be use directly to the plant.
False. It should be in the form of Ammonium by the help of Rhizobium sp. And it will under go to nitrifying bacteria (Nitrification) so that it can be used by the plants
Skin and it’s derivatives such as claws and hair form the _______ system which function mainly for protection against mechanical injury, infection and dehydration.
Integumentary
