Chapter 1 Flashcards
Windows 10
Newest client operating system; released as an “operating system as a service”
user interface (UI)
Part of an operating system, program or device that is used to input or receive data and to tell the computer what to do.
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
The user performs actions by clicking and moving buttons, icons, and menus with a pointing device, such as a mouse or track pad.
Text User Interface (TUI)
The user performs actions by using a keyboard to enter commands; the same term as Command-line Interface (CLI)
Command Line Interface (CLI)
The user performs actions by using a keyboard to enter commands; the same term as Text User Interface (TLI).
Desktop PC
The traditional PC that consists of a case of system components that may be oriented horizontally or vertically. Because desktop PCs tend to be very large, they are not very portable.
Laptop
A portable computer that provides mobility for traveling users or users who work from home.
Tablet
A smaller version of the laptop, with a screen that makes up the body of the computer.
Hybrid Computer
A laptop that can convert into a tablet.
Smartphone
A cellular phone with a screen that displays information.
Windows 10 Home
The Home edition is designed for consumer-based personal computers and tablets.
Windows 10 Pro
The Pro edition is designed for personal computers and tablets used in small to medium sized businesses or for advanced users.
Windows 10 Enterprise
Enterprise edition is designed for personal computers and tablets for large enterprises.
Windows 10 Education
The Education edition is designed for personal computers and tablets in schools (including staff, administrators, teachers and students).
AppLocker
A feature that allows you to specify which groups or users can run, or not run, a particular application in your organization.
Assigned Access 8.1
A setting that allows the restriction of a specific standard account to using only one Windows Store application; primarily used for kiosk stations.
BitLocker
A feature that encrypts a volume to protect a system from being accessed if the system is lost or stolen.
BranchCache
A wide area network (WAN) bandwidth optimization technology that allows the local caching of shared folders and websites so that data does not have to be accessed over the WAN link.
Business Store
A feature that allows administrators to find, acquire, manage and distribute applications to Windows 10 devices.
Client Hyper-V
Virtualization technology that allows the creation of a virtual machine.
Continuum
A feature that allows a smartphone to become a big-screen projector, or also to allow the attachment of input devices such as a keyboard and mouse.
Cortana
A voice-activated personal (virtual) assistant
Credential Guard
A feature that stores credentials, such as NTLM hashes and Kerberos tickets, and provides them to the necessary application; the credentials are stored in a secured isolated container, which uses Hyper-V and virtualization based security (VBS).
Current Branch for Business
A feature that allows updates and upgrades to be delayed so that pilot testing can be performed before deployed the new software to an entire organization.
Device Guard
Protects a system by locking a device so that it can only run trusted applications.
DirectAccess
An advanced VPN technology that allows remote users to securely access internal network file shares while connected to the internet.
Encrypting File System (EFS)
A feature that provides transparent file-level encryption.
Enterprise Mode Internet Explorer (EMIE)
An Internet Explorer compatibility mode that helps avoid compatibility issues for websites that were written for older versions of Windows or Internet Explorer.
Group Policy management
An infrastructure that allows a centralized management of computer settings and configuration.
Joining to a domain
A feature that allows a user to join an Active Directory domain.
Long-term Servicing branch
An option that allows organizations to receive updates/upgrades every few years so that current systems in place remain stable.
Private Catalog
Provides a centralized list of applications that users within an organization can download applications from.
Remote Desktop
Allows a connection to a remote computer which allows the user to remotely access the desktop and applications of that computer.
RemoteApp
Allows a program/application to be run remotely through Remote Desktop services.
User Experience control and lockdown
Customize and lock the Windows user interface.
Virtual Desktops
A feature that allows the user to switch and use multiple desktops.
Windows Hello
A credential technology that provides multi-factor authentication, including the recognition of a PIN or biometric information (face, fingerprint or iris).
Windows Spotlight
An option that displays a new image on the lock screen each day.
Windows to Go
Allows Windows to be boot and run from an external device such as a flash drive or external hard drive.
Windows Update for Business
A free service for Windows 10 Pro, Enterprise and Education editions that can provide updates to users based on distribution rings.
kernel mode
The processor has complete and unrestricted access to the underlying hardware and is generally reserved by the most trusted part of the operating system.
user mode
The processor does not have direct access to the hardware or reference memory. Most programs run in user mode so that if the program crashes, it does not cause the entire computer to crash as well.
x86
32-bit architecture; IA-32 designed to run on IA-32 processors and systems can access up to 4GB of memory; supports up to 32 processor cores.
x64
64-bit architecture; X86-64 designed to run on X86-64 processors and systems can access from 128GB-2024GB, depending on which desktop is being used; supports up to 256 processor cores.
device driver
Programs written to tell the operating system how to communicate with specific pieces of hardware.
Hardware Interrupt Request (IRQ)
Used by devices that require attention from the operating system; for example when a key is pressed on the keyboard.
clean installation
When Windows is installed onto a hard drive that has no operating system, programs or data stored on the drive.
upgrade installation
When an older version of Windows (7/8/8.1) is upgraded to Windows 10.
cloud
Generally refers to the internet or a service that is accessible through the internet.
High Touch Installation (HTI)
Manually installing and configuring Windows on each device using retail media or a standard image (ISO file).
Lite Touch Installation (LTI)
Requires some human intervention at the beginning of the installation process but is automated from then on.
Zero Touch Installation (ZTI)
A fully automated way of installing Windows that is generally used in environments of 500 computers or more.
Windows Deployment Services
Allows a user to log on and select a Windows image for installation.
User State Migration Tool (USMT)
A command line tool that migrates user data from a previous version of Windows to a new installation.
ScanState.exe
Scans the source computer for files and settings and creates a store that contains the user’s files and settings.
LoadState.exe
Loads the files and settings collected by ScanState.exe onto the destination computer
Usmtutils.exe
Deletes hardlink folders in use by applications no longer removable through normal measures, checks the file’s consistency, and restores selected files; can be used to check for corrupted files in the user state store.
