Chapter 1 Flashcards
The reproductive tract consists of :
Two ovaries Oviducts and uterine horns Uterus Cervix Vagina Vestibule Vulva
What is the primary organ of reproduction
Ovaries
Ovaries are responsible for production of _____
female gamete (egg/ovum)
Each ovary is _____ shaped
kidney
Exterior of the ovaries is ____
connective and vascular tissue
Interior of the ovaries is _____
parenchyma
ovulation fossa = ______
site of ovulation
fossa is covered by the _____
infundibulum (fingerlike structure)
Ovaries exocrine function is _____
produce ova/gametes
Ovaries endocrine function is _____
produce/secrete hormones
Oviducts are also called _____
fallopian tubes
oviducts are the site of ______
fertilization
Infundibulum is a ______ structure that ______
fingerlike; catches the egg
AIJ (______) is the site of fertilization
ampulla isthmus junction
What is described as a “T” in a mare
the uterus
during normal pregnancy the fetus is located ______
in one uterine horn
how many layers are in the uterus
3
what are the layers of the uterus and describe them
- Endometrium - inner, glandular layer; nutrients for the fetus
- Myometrium - middle smooth muscle layer
- Perimetrium - prevents adhesion (can expand and contract at certain times)
What are the functions of the uterus
- site of semen deposition
- hormone secretion
- luteolysis and control of cyclicity
- expulsion of the fetus and fetal placenta
Estrus is ____
in heat
Diestrus is _____
not in heat
What are the uterine changes for estrus
Thick walls and increase vascularity
Increase muscle tone
Increase gland activity to prepare for pregnancy
What are the uterine changes for diestrus
Decrease wall thickness
Decrease muscle tone
Decrease gland activity
What are the uterine changes for pregnancy
- Increase is gravid (pregnant) horn size
- Descent to abdominal floor
- Decrease thickening of myometrium
- Increase thickening and vascularity of endometrium during placentation
- Endometrial cups form
The cervix separates ______
the uterus and the vagina
The cervix contains _____ which secrete mucous found during estrus and pregnancy
mucosa cells
the cervix protrudes into the _____, forming the ______
vagina; fornix
What is the function of the cervix
the birth canal and protects the uterus from infection
What are cervical changes for estrus
Cervix relaxes and drops to floor on vagina
Protects uterus from infection
What are cervical changes for diestrus
Becomes firm with less mucous secretion
Os becomes plugged with mucous
Os is tightly closed
“High, white and dry”
What are cervical changes for pregnancy
Cervix firm
Mucous plug, “cervical seal of pregnancy”
Os closed
Relaxes during birth
What is the junction of reproductive and excretory system
the vagina
What is the first barrier against foreign matter
the vulva
the vulva consists of
two labia and clitoris
contractions of vulvar sphincter muscle results in
winking
What are some vulva conformation problems
Pneumovagina or “windsucking”
Urine pooling
What three landmarks are looked for in a repro tract exam
Cervix
Leading edge of uterus
Ovary
