Chapter 1

Question 1

The reproductive tract consists of :

Answer 1

Two ovaries
Oviducts and uterine horns
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina
Vestibule
Vulva

Question 2

What is the primary organ of reproduction

Answer 2

Ovaries

Question 3

Ovaries are responsible for production of _____

Answer 3

female gamete (egg/ovum)

Question 4

Each ovary is _____ shaped

Answer 4

kidney

Question 5

Exterior of the ovaries is ____

Answer 5

connective and vascular tissue

Question 6

Interior of the ovaries is _____

Answer 6

parenchyma

Question 7

ovulation fossa = ______

Answer 7

site of ovulation

Question 8

fossa is covered by the _____

Answer 8

infundibulum (fingerlike structure)

Question 9

Ovaries exocrine function is _____

Answer 9

produce ova/gametes

Question 10

Ovaries endocrine function is _____

Answer 10

produce/secrete hormones

Question 11

Oviducts are also called _____

Answer 11

fallopian tubes

Question 12

oviducts are the site of ______

Answer 12

fertilization

Question 13

Infundibulum is a ______ structure that ______

Answer 13

fingerlike; catches the egg

Question 14

AIJ (______) is the site of fertilization

Answer 14

ampulla isthmus junction

Question 15

What is described as a “T” in a mare

Answer 15

the uterus

Question 16

during normal pregnancy the fetus is located ______

Answer 16

in one uterine horn

Question 17

how many layers are in the uterus

Answer 17

3

Question 18

what are the layers of the uterus and describe them

Answer 18

1. Endometrium - inner, glandular layer; nutrients for the fetus
2. Myometrium - middle smooth muscle layer
3. Perimetrium - prevents adhesion (can expand and contract at certain times)

Question 19

What are the functions of the uterus

Answer 19

1. site of semen deposition
2. hormone secretion
3. luteolysis and control of cyclicity
4. expulsion of the fetus and fetal placenta

Question 20

Estrus is ____

Answer 20

in heat

Question 21

Diestrus is _____

Answer 21

not in heat

Question 22

What are the uterine changes for estrus

Answer 22

Thick walls and increase vascularity
Increase muscle tone
Increase gland activity to prepare for pregnancy

Question 23

What are the uterine changes for diestrus

Answer 23

Decrease wall thickness
Decrease muscle tone
Decrease gland activity

Question 24

What are the uterine changes for pregnancy

Answer 24

• Increase is gravid (pregnant) horn size
• Descent to abdominal floor
• Decrease thickening of myometrium
• Increase thickening and vascularity of endometrium during placentation
• Endometrial cups form

Question 25

The cervix separates ______

Answer 25

the uterus and the vagina

Question 26

The cervix contains _____ which secrete mucous found during estrus and pregnancy

Answer 26

mucosa cells

Question 27

the cervix protrudes into the _____, forming the ______

Answer 27

vagina; fornix

Question 28

What is the function of the cervix

Answer 28

the birth canal and protects the uterus from infection

Question 29

What are cervical changes for estrus

Answer 29

Cervix relaxes and drops to floor on vagina

Protects uterus from infection

Question 30

What are cervical changes for diestrus

Answer 30

Becomes firm with less mucous secretion
Os becomes plugged with mucous
Os is tightly closed
“High, white and dry”

Question 31

What are cervical changes for pregnancy

Answer 31

Cervix firm
Mucous plug, “cervical seal of pregnancy”
Os closed
Relaxes during birth

Question 32

What is the junction of reproductive and excretory system

Answer 32

the vagina

Question 33

What is the first barrier against foreign matter

Answer 33

the vulva

Question 34

the vulva consists of

Answer 34

two labia and clitoris

Question 35

contractions of vulvar sphincter muscle results in

Answer 35

winking

Question 36

What are some vulva conformation problems

Answer 36

Pneumovagina or “windsucking”

Urine pooling

Question 37

What three landmarks are looked for in a repro tract exam

Answer 37

Cervix
Leading edge of uterus
Ovary