Chapter 1

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

study of behavior and mental process

Question 2

Psychologists

Answer 2

accurately describe, explain, predict, or control human and animal behavior

Question 3

Botany

Answer 3

study of plants

Question 4

Behavior

Answer 4

any action that can be directly observed

Question 5

Mental Processes

Answer 5

internal activities in the mind that are not directly observable

Question 6

Dualism

Answer 6

belief that the mind does not cease to exist when the body dies and that thoughts and ideas can exist separately from the body

Question 7

Pineal

Answer 7

all thoughts formed

Question 8

Empiricism

Answer 8

view the knowledge originates through experience

Question 9

Structuralism

Answer 9

school of psychology concerned with studying the individual elements of consciousness

Question 10

Introspection

Answer 10

examination of ones own conscious thoughts and feelings

Question 11

Functionalism

Answer 11

school of psychology focused on how organisms use their learning and perceptual abilities to function in their environment

Question 12

Natural Selection

Answer 12

theory that organisms best adopted to their environment tend to survive and transmit their genetic characteristics to succeeding generations

Question 13

Gestalt Psychology

Answer 13

“whole” or “form”

how people integrate and organize perceptual information into meaningful wholes

Question 14

Margret Floy Washburn

Answer 14

first woman in America to obtain her PhD in psychology in 1894. Later became second female president of APA in 1921
“The Animal Mind”

Question 15

Mary Whiton Calkins

Answer 15

first female president of the APA in 1905

Question 16

Descartes

Answer 16

believer of Socrates idea that mind is distinct from body

Question 17

James

Answer 17

believed it was impossible to break consciousness into individual elements

Question 18

Locke

Answer 18

believed that at birth, the human mind was a tabula rasa, containing no innate knowledge

Question 19

Tabula Rasa

Answer 19

blank state

Question 20

Wundt

Answer 20

mind could be examined both scientifically and objectively

learn how to study structure of human mind

Question 21

Westheimer

Answer 21

believed the acts of sensing and perceiving could not be broken into smaller elements and still be understood

Question 22

Psychodynamic Approach

Answer 22

based on the beliefs that behaviors are motivated by internal factors unavailable to the conscious mind

Question 23

Sigmund Freud

Answer 23

believed human beings were motivated by primitive sexual drives, forbidden desires and traumatic childhood memories unavailable to conscious mind

Question 24

Psychoanalysis

Answer 24

type of therapy that utilizes Freudian concepts with an emphasis on the influence of the unconscious

Question 25

Behavioral Approach

Answer 25

concentrates on observable behavior that can be directly measured and recorded

Question 26

John B. Watson

Answer 26

scientific inquiry a primary focus in psychology
“Little Albert”
how people learn to behave aggressively through environmental influences

Question 27

Humanistic Approach

Answer 27

belief that people are innately good and that mental and social problems results from deviations from this natural tendency

Question 28

Abraham Maslow

Answer 28

studied motivation and emotion

Question 29

Carl Rogers

Answer 29

made significant contributions to the study of personality and the practice of psychotherapy

Question 30

Self-Actualization

Answer 30

achievement of ones full potential

Question 31

Cognitive Approach

Answer 31

mental processes such as perception, thinking, learning, and memory that seeks to understand how people process information they collect from their environment

Question 32

Biological Approach

Answer 32

study of biological bases of behavior and focuses on the structure of the nervous system as well as the function of the nervous system

Question 33

Evolutionary Approach

Answer 33

explores ways in which patterns of human behavior maybe beneficial to peoples survival

Question 34

Sociocultural Approach

Answer 34

examine the influence of social and cultural factors on human behavior and mental processes

Question 35

Ecletic Approach

Answer 35

psychologists draw on multiple different perspectives and theories to gain an understanding of human behavior or mental processes

Question 36

Clinical Approach

Answer 36

deals with diagnosis and treatment of people with specific mental or behavior problems

Question 37

Neuropsychology

Answer 37

brain and behavior

Question 38

Counseling psychologists

Answer 38

how to deal with everyday problems

Question 39

Clinical Social Workers

Answer 39

mental health and daily living problems

Question 40

Psychiatric Nurses

Answer 40

mental help needs or treat people with mental disorders

Question 41

School Psychologists

Answer 41

students learning and behavioral problems

Question 42

Applied Psychology

Answer 42

use of psychological theory and practice to tackle real- world problems

Question 43

Industrial and Organizational Psychology

Answer 43

applied psychology in which psychologist scientifically study human behavior in organizations and the workplace

Question 44

Sports Psychologists

Answer 44

use psychological knowledge and skills to address optimal performance and well being of athletes and sports organizations

Question 45

Academic Psychologist

Answer 45

divide their time between supervising and teaching students, completing administrative tasks, and carrying out psychological research

Question 46

Developmental Psychology

Answer 46

social and mental development of human beings

Question 47

Abnormal Psychology

Answer 47

mental disorders and other abnormal thoughts and behavior

Question 48

Personality Psychology

Answer 48

patterns of thought, feeling, behavior that make person unique

Question 49

Social Psychology

Answer 49

group behavior and the influence or social factors on the individual