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Psych 1 (General Psych) > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the text’s definition of Psychology?

A

The scientific study of behavior and mental disorders.

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2
Q

What is overt behavior?

A

Overt behavior (is open) can be seen by others. Examples of overt behavior are smiling, frowning, laughing, or crying.

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3
Q

What is covert behavior?

A

Covert behavior can not be seen by others (covered). Examples of covert behavior are feeling happy or thinking positive thoughts.

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4
Q

What is Bill’s Triangle of Psychology?

A

It consists of Actions, Thinking, and Emotions. Which is every quality that makes a person.

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5
Q

What are the five Main Goals of Psychology?

A

to describe, predict, explain, change, and improve the lives of people.

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6
Q

What are the three behavioral sciences?

A

Psychology, Sociology, and Anthropology.

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7
Q

What is the primary focus of each behavioral science?

A

Psychology studies individual behavior.

Sociology studies group behavior.

Anthropology studies cultural behavior.

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8
Q

What is Social Psychology?

A

individual behavior is influenced by the presence of other people.

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9
Q

What is Clinical Psychology?

A

The study, diagnosis, and treatment, of mental processes.

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10
Q

What is Developmental Psychology?

A

patterns of growth, change, and development that occur throughout the life-span.

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11
Q

What is Personality Psychology?

A

enduring and consistent behavior we exhibit over time.

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12
Q

What is Cognitive Psychology?

A

The study of cognitive processes.

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13
Q

Which profession is more apt to follow the Biopsychological/Medical Model view that a mental disorder is connected to an organic/bodily dysfunction?

A

Psychiatrist

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14
Q

Which profession is more apt to address psychological/environmental issues in the mind.

A

Psychologist

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15
Q

Which of the ‘Five Perspectives’ is the least deterministic?

A

The Humanistic Perspective

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16
Q

What does a Tabula Rasa refer to?

Which of the five perspectives does this apply to?

A

A blank slate at birth

This applies to the ‘Behavioral Perspective’.

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17
Q

If something is genetically ‘Determined’, it means __________

A

it will happen

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18
Q

A genetic ‘Predisposition’ means _____________

A

it might happen

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19
Q

How can a Genetic Predisposition be triggered?

A

by an environmental stimulus like stress.

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20
Q

What is ‘Determinism’?

A

the idea that people’s behavior is produced primarily by factors outside of their willful control.

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21
Q

What is a case study?

A

An in-dept, intensive investigation of a single individual or a small group.

22
Q

What are the ‘Five Major Perspectives’?

A

Biopsychological Perspective,

Psychodynamic Perspective

Behavioral Perspective,

Cognitive Perspective,

Humanistic Perspective.

23
Q

What is a Double Blind Procedure?

A

the experimenter nor the subjects know which group they have been assigned.

24
Q

What is a Single Blind Procedure?

A

only the subjects (participants) do not know which group they are in.

25
Q

What are the two groups that subjects are assigned to called?

Which is the treatment group?

A

The Experimental Group and Control Group.

The Experimental Group is the treatment group.

26
Q

How are Subjects assigned to avoid ‘Experimental Bias’.

A

They are ‘Randomly Assigned’.

27
Q

Define Repression

A

A ‘self defense mechanism’ where disturbing, threatening, or traumatic experiences are pushed back into the ‘unconscious mind’.

28
Q

Define Supression

A

A ‘self defense mechanism’ where relatively more mild, disturbing, threatening, or uncomfortable experiences are pushed into the ‘sub/preconscious mind’. The subconscious is able to remember events at anytime but often times chooses to ignore it.

29
Q

The Monozygotic Twins were used to study what?

A

Nature vs. Nurture

30
Q

What is a variable?

A

A variable is anything that can change or vary.

31
Q

If the Monozygotic Twins were to act the same if would support what?

A

They would support the argument that our behavior is based primarily on our genetics (Nature).

32
Q

If the Monozygotic Twins were to act differently what would this support?

A

They would support the argument that our behavior is based primarily on our environment (Nurture).

33
Q

What are the keywords for the Humanistic Perspective?

A

‘self actualization drive and free-will’ influence behavior

34
Q

What are the keywords for the Psychodynamic Perspective?

Who are the important people?

A

The ‘unconscious and/or earlier experience’ influence behavior.

Important person: Freud

35
Q

What are the keywords for the Cognitive Perspective?

Who are the important people?

A

‘Thoughts, Ideas, and Beliefs’ influence behavior.

Important People: Ellis & Beck

36
Q

What are the keywords for the Behavioral Perspective?

Who are the important people?

A

‘Environmental Learning and Experience’ influence behavior.

Important people: Skinner, Watson, Bandura

37
Q

What are the keywords for the Biopsychological Perspective?

A

‘Biology of the Body and Genetics’ influence behavior.

38
Q

Which of the ‘Five Perspectives’ is on the side of ’Nurture’?

A

Behavioral Perspective

39
Q

Which of the ‘Five Perspectives’ is on the side of ’Nature’?

A

Biopsychological Perspective

40
Q

What is the text’s definition of a Hypothesis?

A

A prediction that allows it to be tested, stem from theories, and help test for the truth of those theories.

41
Q

Which ‘Subject Group’ would receive a placebo?

A

The Control Group would receive the placebo.

42
Q

Why should an experiment be ‘Replicated’?

A

To have more confidence in your experimental findings.

43
Q

What are some of the various subfields of Psychology?

A

Social Psychology,

Clinical Psychology,

Developmental Psychology,

Personality Psychology, &

Cognitive Psychology.

44
Q

In an experiment stating zinc helps with cold symptoms, what are the two variables?

A 
V1 = zinc (independent variable)
V2 = cold symptoms (dependent variable)

These are the two variables

45
Q

Which variable can be manipulated in an experiment?

A

The independent variable

46
Q

Does a correlation itself tell us anything about cause and effect?

A

NO! correlation itself does not indicate causation.

47
Q

What is the only way that can explain a cause an effect between two variables?

A

A controlled experiment called the Scientific Method.

48
Q

In a research experiment, when results can to some extent to other outside factors other than the direct manipulation of the independent variable, __________ is said to be occurred.

A

‘Experimental Bias’

49
Q

A plus sign for correlation means what?

A

The variables trend in the same direction. (The arrows are both going the same way).

50
Q

A minus sign for correlation means what?

A

The variables trend in opposite directions. (The arrows are going different ways)

51
Q

Describe the strength and direction of a correlation.

A

Plus and Minus signs do not tell us anything about how strong a correlation is. It just tells us the direction of the variables. The number tells us how strong the correlation is. -.80 and +.60 (-.80 would be the stronger correlation).

(+) and (-) = direction of arrows

= strength of correlation

Psych 1 (General Psych) (5 decks)

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