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Biology 210 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is genetics the study of

A

Biological information

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2
Q

What do all living organisms uses to grow, develop, and reproduce

A

DNA

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3
Q

Is DNA immutable

A

No

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4
Q

What is it called when DNA mutates continually (stays in gene pool)

A

Evolution

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5
Q

How does DNA store biological information

A

In little units called nucleotides

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6
Q

What are the four nucleotides

A

G C A T

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7
Q

What is a gene

A

A specific segment of DNA that encodes a particular RNA or protein

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8
Q

What are chromosomes

A

DNA molecules carrying genes

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9
Q

What are the functions of chromosome structures

A

To package, and manage storage, duplicate, express, and evolve DNA

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10
Q

What is a genome

A

An entire collection of chromosomes in a cell

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11
Q

How many distinct kinds of chromosomes are there in humans

A

24

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12
Q

What is metabolism

A

The chemical and physical reactions that carry out chemical conversions

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13
Q

What are proteins

A

Large polymers composed of hundreds to thousands of amino acids subunits in a long polypeptide chain

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14
Q

How many amino acids are there

A

20

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15
Q

What does the information in DNA control

A

The order of amino acids in a protein or RNA molecule

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16
Q

What is the third level of biological information

A

Biological systems

17
Q

What is a biological system

A

Any complex interactive network of interacting molecules functioning in a coordinated manner

18
Q

What was most likely the first information processing molecule

A

RNA

19
Q

Why is RNA not our heritable material

A

It is too unstable

20
Q

What is central dogma

A

The flow of information from DNA to RNA to protein

21
Q

What is the flow of information from DNA to RNA to protein

A

The central dogma

22
Q

What is convergent evolution

A

The appearance of functionally similar but morphologicaly different features

23
Q

What are model organisms

A

Organisms that are ideal for studying (fruit flies)

24
Q

What underlies the evolution of new genes with new functions in organisms

A

Duplication followed by divergence

25
Q

Roughly when did eukaryotic cells arise

A

2 billion years ago

26
Q

When did prokaryotic cells arise

A

About 3.7 billion years ago

27
Q

How many model organisms had their genomes sequenced as part of the Human Genome Project

A

Seven

28
Q

What is the germ line

A

reproductive cell precursors

Biology 210 (3 decks)

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