Chapter 1

Question 1

psychology

Answer 1

study of mind and behavior

Question 2

Nativism

Answer 2

knowledge is acquired from experience

Question 3

philosophical emipricism

Answer 3

that all knowledge is acquired by experience

Question 4

phrenology

Answer 4

(Franz gall) defunct theory, current mental abilities and characters are localized in specific regions of the brain

Question 5

physiology

Answer 5

the study of body function

Question 6

stimulus

Answer 6

sensory input from the environment

Question 7

psychoanalytic theory

Answer 7

Signmund frued, theory of personality, argues that human behavior is the result of the interactions among three component parts of the mind: the id, ego, and superego.

Question 8

psychoanalyis

Answer 8

set of theories and therapeutic techniques related to the study of the unconscious mind, which together form a method of treatment for mental-health disorders.

Question 9

behaviorism

Answer 9

Watson, theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning

Question 10

humanistic psychology

Answer 10

Abraham Maslow & Carl Rodgerson, an approach to understanding human nature that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings

Question 11

response

Answer 11

a reaction to stimulus

Question 12

reinforcement

Answer 12

SKinner, the cosuquences of a behavior determine whether it will be more or less likely to occur again

Question 13

illusion

Answer 13

wertheimer, a false idea; something that one seems to see or to be aware that really does not exist

Question 14

gestalt psychology

Answer 14

wertheimer, approach that emphasizes that we often perceive the whole rather than the sum of the part

Question 15

cognitive psychology

Answer 15

the scientific study of mental process, including perception, thought, memory, and reasoning

Question 16

behavioral psychology

Answer 16

the scientific study of observable psychology

Question 17

cognitive neuroscience

Answer 17

wilder penfield, the field of study that attempts to understand the links between cognitive processes and brain activity

Question 18

evolutionary psychology

Answer 18

explains mind and behavior in terms of the adaptive value of abilities that are preserved overtime by natural selection

Question 19

social psychology

Answer 19

the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Question 20

cultural psychology

Answer 20

the study of how cultures reflect and shape the psychological process of their members

Question 21

consciousness

Answer 21

wilhem wudnt, awareness of ourselves and our environment

Question 22

structuralism

Answer 22

early school of thought promoted by wudnt and titchener; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind

Question 23

introspection

Answer 23

the subjective observation of one’s own experience

Question 24

functionalism

Answer 24

william james, the study of how mental processes enable people to adapt to their environment