Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

psychology

A

study of mind and behavior

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2
Q

Nativism

A

knowledge is acquired from experience

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3
Q

philosophical emipricism

A

that all knowledge is acquired by experience

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4
Q

phrenology

A

(Franz gall) defunct theory, current mental abilities and characters are localized in specific regions of the brain

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5
Q

physiology

A

the study of body function

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6
Q

stimulus

A

sensory input from the environment

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7
Q

psychoanalytic theory

A

Signmund frued, theory of personality, argues that human behavior is the result of the interactions among three component parts of the mind: the id, ego, and superego.

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8
Q

psychoanalyis

A

set of theories and therapeutic techniques related to the study of the unconscious mind, which together form a method of treatment for mental-health disorders.

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9
Q

behaviorism

A

Watson, theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning

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10
Q

humanistic psychology

A

Abraham Maslow & Carl Rodgerson, an approach to understanding human nature that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings

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11
Q

response

A

a reaction to stimulus

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12
Q

reinforcement

A

SKinner, the cosuquences of a behavior determine whether it will be more or less likely to occur again

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13
Q

illusion

A

wertheimer, a false idea; something that one seems to see or to be aware that really does not exist

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14
Q

gestalt psychology

A

wertheimer, approach that emphasizes that we often perceive the whole rather than the sum of the part

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15
Q

cognitive psychology

A

the scientific study of mental process, including perception, thought, memory, and reasoning

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16
Q

behavioral psychology

A

the scientific study of observable psychology

17
Q

cognitive neuroscience

A

wilder penfield, the field of study that attempts to understand the links between cognitive processes and brain activity

18
Q

evolutionary psychology

A

explains mind and behavior in terms of the adaptive value of abilities that are preserved overtime by natural selection

19
Q

social psychology

A

the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

20
Q

cultural psychology

A

the study of how cultures reflect and shape the psychological process of their members

21
Q

consciousness

A

wilhem wudnt, awareness of ourselves and our environment

22
Q

structuralism

A

early school of thought promoted by wudnt and titchener; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind

23
Q

introspection

A

the subjective observation of one’s own experience

24
Q

functionalism

A

william james, the study of how mental processes enable people to adapt to their environment