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Psychology MCAT > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

Biology and Behavior

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1
Q

Franz Gall

A

Earliest theories that behavior, intellect, and even personality might be linked to brain anatomy. Developed Phrenology.

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2
Q

Phrenology

A

Basic idea was that if a particular trait was well-development, then the part of the brain responsible for that trait would expand. This was proven false.

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3
Q

Pierre Flourens

A

First person to study the functions of the major sections of the brain.

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4
Q

William James

A

Father of American psychology, believed that it was important to study how the mind functioned in adapting to the environment. Developed functionalism.

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5
Q

Functionalism

A

A system of though in psychology that studied how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environments.

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6
Q

John Dewey

A

Important in functionalism. Believed that psychology should focus on the study of the organism as a whole as it functioned to adapt to the environment.

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7
Q

Paul Broca

A

Examining the behavioral deficits of people with brain damage.

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8
Q

Hermann von Helmholtz

A

Was the first to measure the speed of a nerve impulse

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9
Q

Sir Charles Sherrington

A

First inferred the existence of synapse

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10
Q

Sensory Neurons

A

Also known as afferent neurons.

Transmit sensory information from receptors to the spinal cord and brain.

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11
Q

Motor Neurons

A

Also known as efferent neurons.

Transmit motor information from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands.

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12
Q

Interneurons

A

Are found between other neurons and are the most numerous of the 3 types of neurons.
Mainly located in brain and spinal cord and often linked to reflexive behavior.

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13
Q

Reflex Arcs

A

Also called neural circuits. Controlled reflective behavior.

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14
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

Composed of the brain and spinal cord.

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15
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

Made up of nerves tissue and fibers outside the brain and spinal cord. Including all 31 pairs of spinal nerves and the 12 pairs of cranial nerves.
2 Branches: Somatic and Autonomic. Autonomic breaks down into sympathetic and parasympathetic

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16
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Consists of sensory and motor neurons distributed throughout the skin, joints, and muscles.
Sensory = afferent fibers
Motor = efferent fibers

17
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Regulates heartbeat, respiration, digestion, and glandular secretions. Manages involuntary muscles associated with many internal organs and glands.
Independent of conscious control.

18
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

Main role = Conserve energy.
Rest and digest.
Neurotransmitter = acetylcholine.
Constructs pupils, Stimulates flow of saliva, constricts bronchi, slows heartbeat, stimulates peristalsis and secretion, stimulates bile release, contracts bladder

19
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

Activated by stress.
Flight or flight
Increase heart rate, blood glucose concertation, relaxes bronchi, dilates eyes, release epinephrine into bloodstream, redistributes blood to muscles of locomotion.

20
Q

Meninges

A

Covering of brain with a thick sheath of connective tissue. Protect the brain, keep it anchored within the skull, and resorb cerebrospinal fluid.

21
Q

3 Layers of Meninges

A

Dura Mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

22
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid

A

Aqueous solution in which brain and spinal cord rest: it is produced by specialized cells that line the ventricles (internal cavities) of the brain.

23
Q

Subdivision of Brain

A

Hindbrain
Midbrain
Forebrain

24
Q

Brainstem

A

Most primitive region of the brain.

25
Q

Limbic System

A

Group of neural structures primarily associated with emotion and memory.
Part of the forebrain.
Aggression, fear, pleasure, and pain

26
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

Most recent evolutionary development of the human brain.
Outer covering of the cerebral hemispheres.
Complex perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral processes.

27
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

Movement

28
Q

Limbic System

A

Emotion and memory

29
Q

Thalamus

A

Sensory relay station

30
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Hunger and thirst; emotion

Psychology MCAT (1 decks)

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