Chapter 1

Question 1

Significant Figures - Non-zero digits rule

Answer 1

All of them count - except digits after an underlined number.

Question 2

Significant Figures - Scientific notation rule

Answer 2

All digits are significant AS LONG AS they are to the left of the “x”

Question 3

Significant Figures - with a decimal point in the number rule (D or Drury) or {Pacific rule - decimal point is present}

Answer 3

start from the left and count from the first nonzero figure

Question 4

Significant Figures - no decimal points in the number rule (ND or Notre Dame) or {Atlantic rule - decimal is absent}

Answer 4

start from the right and count from the first nonzero figure

Question 5

significant figure multiplied, added or subtracted by a significant figure - how many significant figures will be in the final answer?

Answer 5

the final answer will have the same number of significant figures as the lowest significant figure

Question 6

Accuracy

Answer 6

closest to the standard value or how close you came to it

Question 7

Precision

Answer 7

closeness of 2 or more measured values and how they are RELATED to each other

Question 8

Why are measurements always uncertain

Answer 8

depends on the device and the user

Question 9

name four kinds of measurements in the laboratory

Answer 9

weight-grams; volume-litre; time-seconds; temperature-degree

Question 10

Why is estimating important

Answer 10

helps you to focus on the range your answer will fall in

Question 11

What is the accepted value (standard) in a game of darts

Answer 11

Height from floor to bullseye is 5’8”

Question 12

“An instrument is only as good as its operator”

Answer 12

An instrument is fantastic, but if you don’t know how to use it, it is worthless

Question 13

Factors that determine accuracy

Answer 13

The person and the object

Question 14

Factors that determine precision

Answer 14

The instrument, how it is set up, how it is used

Question 15

Qauntitative Measurements

Answer 15

Numbers and units

Question 16

Qualitative Measurements

Answer 16

Descriptions

Question 17

SI Unit of Measurement for Length and its symbol

Answer 17

Meter (m)

Question 18

SI Unit of Measurement for Mass and its symbol

Answer 18

Kilogram (kg)

Question 19

SI Unit of Measurement for Temperature and its symbol

Answer 19

Kelvin (K) or Degrees Celcius ( degree C)

Question 20

SI Unit of Measurement for Time and its symbol

Answer 20

Second (s)

Question 21

SI Unit of Measurement for Amount of Substance and its symbol

Answer 21

Mole (mol) 1 mol is 6.02 x 10 to the 23rd

Question 22

SI Unit of Measurement for Luminosity and its symbol

Answer 22

Candela (cd)

Question 23

SI Unit of Measurement for Electric Current and its symbol

Answer 23

Ampere (A)

Question 24

SI Prefixes - Name all 7 of them

Answer 24

kilo, deci, centi, milli, micro, nano, pico

Question 25

SI Prefixes for Length - Name all 4 of them

Answer 25

kilo, deci, centi, milli

Question 26

SI Prefix for Pressure

Answer 26

micro

Question 27

SI Prefix for Temperature

Answer 27

nano

Question 28

SI Prefix for Energy

Answer 28

pico

Question 29

Explain why milliliter and cubic centimeter have the same amount in ANY kind of container

Answer 29

milliliter = cubic centimeter

Question 30

Difference between Mass and Weight

Answer 30

Mass is the anything that has mass and volume - it's the stuff that things are made of; whereas, weight is the how heavy or what the force of gravity is on an object

Question 31

How much does a brick with the mass of 5 pounds weigh?

Answer 31

5 pounds

Question 32

How much does a brick with the mass of 5 pounds on a space shuttle weigh?

Answer 32

1 ounce (because of gravitational forces)

Question 33

What is the specific gravity of water

Answer 33

1

Question 34

Why are things compared to water's specific gravity

Answer 34

To explain whether it will sink or float

Question 35

What is the formula for percent error

Answer 35

Approximate minus exact divided by exact times 100

Question 36

What is the saying you need to memorize for labeling a graph and what does it stand for

Answer 36

DRYMIX - Dependent Resides on the Y, Making Independent the X

Question 37

Name the 6 things all graphs must contain

Answer 37

Title, dependent variables, independent variables, appropriate scale, labeled x- and y- axis, line connecting the variables

Question 38

Describe what the line looks like in a Direct relationship graph

Answer 38

Starts from the bottom left-hand corner and climbs diagonally to the top right-hand corner

Question 39

Describe what the line looks like in an Inverse or

Answer 39

Starts from the top left-hand corner and climbs diagonally down to the bottom right-hand corner

Question 40

What is the formula for Kelvin

Answer 40

C degrees + 273

Question 41

What is the formula for Celsius

Answer 41

K - 273

Question 42

Compare Kelvin scale size to Celsius Scale size

Answer 42

Kelvin has a larger size RANGE compared to Celsius

Question 43

Definition of Chemistry

Answer 43

The study of the composition of matter, their properties and how they interact, combine or the study of matter and the changes matter undergoes

Question 44

Definition of Matter

Answer 44

The STUFF things are made of

Question 45

Difference between pure chemistry and applied chemistry

Answer 45

Pure chemistry is the study of chemistry in a scientific and laboratory environment; applied chemistry is how products are used in everyday life

Question 46

Give 2 examples of applied chemistry

Answer 46

hairspray, clothing

Question 47

Physical Chemistry studies what

Answer 47

Behavior of matter

Question 48

Organic Chemistry studies what

Answer 48

Carbon compounds of matter

Question 49

Analytical Chemistry studies what

Answer 49

Composition of matter

Question 50

Inorganic Chemistry studies what

Answer 50

Compounds without carbon

Question 51

Biochemistry studies what

Answer 51

Life and chemistry of the body

Question 52

Purpose of Experiments according to the Scientific Method

Answer 52

To test a hypothesis and the reason for the observation

Question 53

Experiment yields unexpected results. According to the Scientific Method you should

Answer 53

Repeat it several times and if same results occur - then change your hypothesis

Question 54

Name 2 things that will make learning chemistry a success

Answer 54

Study every day, make great notes

Question 55

Chemical change results from

Answer 55

A chemical reaction

Question 56

Physical change results from

Answer 56

Matter stays the same - just takes on a different form

Question 57

Examples of Chemical Change

Answer 57

burning, cooking, rusting, rotting

Question 58

Examples of Physical Change

Answer 58

boiling, melting, freezing

Question 59

Can Physical Changes be Undone

Answer 59

Yes - just by adding energy

Question 60

Can Chemical Changes be Undone

Answer 60

Sometimes-but only by another chemical reaction

Question 61

What are the 3 phases of H2O

Answer 61

ice, water, steam

Question 62

Name the 5 steps of the Scientific Method

Answer 62

State the Problem, Make Observations, Form a Hypothesis, Perform Experiments, State your theory or re-word your hypothesis

Question 63

SI Unit of Measure for Volume and its symbol

Answer 63

``` Cubic meter (m to the power of 3) or Liter (L) [remember... 1 ml = 1 cm cubed] ```

Question 64

SI Unit of Measure for Density and its symbol

Answer 64

Grams per cubic meter (g/m3)

Question 65

SI Unit of Measure for Pressure and its symbol

Answer 65

Pascal (Pa) or Atmosphere (atm) {convert psi to mmHg (Torr)} [1 psi (pound per square inch) = 51.7149 millimeters of mercury]

Question 66

SI Unit of Measure for Energy and its symbol

Answer 66

Joule (J) or Calorie (cal)

Question 67

Kilo symbol and exponent and meaning

Answer 67

K or 10 to the 3rd power or 1000 times larger

Question 68

Deci symbol and exponent

Answer 68

d and 10 to the negative 1 power

Question 69

Centi symbol and exponent and meaning

Answer 69

c and 10 to the negative 2 power or 100 times larger

Question 70

Milli symbol and exponent

Answer 70

m and 10 to the negative 3 power

Question 71

Micro symbol and exponent and meaning

Answer 71

"u"-looking type of thing and 10 to the negative 6 power or 1 million times larger

Question 72

Nano symbol and exponent

Answer 72

n and 10 to the negative 9 power

Question 73

Pico symbol and exponent and meaning

Answer 73

p and 10 to the negative 12 power or 1 trillion times larger

Question 74

Scientific Notation Formula

Answer 74

a times 10 to the b | where a is the coefficient and b is the exponent

Question 75

Scientific Notation Rules when Adding/Subtracting

Answer 75

Exponents must be the same and then add/subtract the numbers AND the exponent stays the same

Question 76

Scientific Notation Rules when Multiplying

Answer 76

Multiple the numbers but ADD the coefficients

Question 77

Scientific Notation Rules when Dividing

Answer 77

Divide the numbers but SUBTRACT the coefficients

Question 78

How many SI Base Units are there - name them

Answer 78

7 base units: Length-meter (m); Time-seconds (s); Amouitn of Substance-mole (mol); Electric Current-Ampule (A); Temperature-kelvin (K); Luminostiy-candela (cd); Mass-kilogram (kg)

Question 79

What is the formula for Density

Answer 79

Density = mass divided by volume

Question 80

What is the formula for Mass

Answer 80

Mass = Density times Volume

Question 81

What is the formula for Volume

Answer 81

Volume = mass divided by density