Chapter 1 Flashcards
What concept rested on the belief that one person or nation could grow rich only at the expense of another, and that a nation’s economic health depended on selling as as possible to foreign lands and buying as little as possible from them?
Mercantilism.
What was one result of the principles of mercantilism spreading throughout Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
The increased attractiveness of acquiring colonies.
When did Protestantism began? Where? Why?
- In Germany. Martin Luther challenged some of the basic practices and beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church.
When did the Pope excommunicate Martin Luther?
1520.
Who introduced the doctrine of predestination?
John Calvin.
What was the idea of the doctrine of predestination?
That God elected some people to be saved and condemned others to damnation; each person’s destiny was determined before birth, and no one could change that predetermined fate.
When did King Henry VIII of England break ties with the Catholic Church and establish himself as the head of the Christian faith in his country? Why? What was this known as?
- He was angry because the pope refused to grant him a divorce from his wife. The English Reformation.
What were the most radical Puritans known as?
Separatists.
What did Separatists want to do?
Worship in their own independent congregations.
What did Puritans want to do?
To simplify Angelican forms of worship and reform the leadership of the church.
When did France found its first permanent settlement in North America? What did they call it?
- Quebec.
Who were the coureurs de bois?
Adventurous fur traders and trappers.
Who had a river named after him in what was then New Netherland?
Henry Hudson
Who built a town on Manhattan Island named New Amsterdam?
The Dutch.
When was the first permanent English settlement established? What was it called?
- Jamestown.
