Chapter 1-8 Flashcards
Scientist practitioner (boulder) grad school model?
Balances practice and research during graduate education
Practitioner scholar (vail) grad school model?
Leans more towards practice in grad school education, like a psyD
Clinical scientist grad school model?
Leans more towards research in grad school education
Who was Lightner Witmer and what was his importance to clinical psychology?
Founded first psychological clinic and coined the term “clinical psychology”
What is “Drapetomania?”
Used to be considered a mental disorder referring to the desire to escape slavery
How many more diagnoses have come about in the most recent edition of the DSM (%)?
300%
What are some projective personality tests?
Rorschach inkblot method, thematic apperception test
What is an example of a objective personality tests?
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
What are the main approaches to psychology?
Psychodynamic
Behavioral
Humanistic
Family
Cognitive
What are some arguments for clinical psychologists having prescription privileges?
Psychiatrist shortage, more revenue for clinical psychs, clinical psychs more expert than primary care, dentists have prescription privileges, convenience for clients, professional autonomy and identification
What are some arguments against clinical psychologists having prescription privileges?
training issues, threats to psychotherapy, identity confusion, influence on pharmaceutical industry, meds might not be better than therapy
What are some criticisms of the DSM?
Overexpansion of mental disorders
No validity to the concept of mental disorders
Drug companies have stake in the way mental disorders are defined
What are some cons of 3rd party pay?
-time taken away from direct clinical work (need more time for bills and stuff)
-too much control over clinical decisions (denial of care from needing a diagnosis, only paying for x amount of sessions)
-no confidentiality
-lower pay
What are the 5 general/aspirational principles of the APA code of ethics?
- Beneficence and Nonmaleficence- promotion and protection of wellbeing of others, minimize harm
- Fidelity and responsibility-uphold trust and ethics
- Integrity- Promote honesty and truthfulness
- Justice- fairness and equity in treatment for all
- Respect for rights and dignity
(BFIJR)
What are the 10 enforceable/ethical standards of the APA code of ethics?
- Resolving ethical issues
- Competence
- Human Relations
- Confidentiality
- Advertising
- Recordkeeping
- Education and training
- Research and publication
- Assessment
- Therapy/informed consent
What are some limits to confidentiality?
-risk of harm to self or others
-suspected child or elder abuse
-legal reasons/subpoena
What is the tarasoff case?
Tarasoff was murdered. The murderer told his therapist he wanted to kill her, therapist didn’t say anything
Efficacy vs effectiveness?
Efficacy- treatment works in lab conditions
Effectiveness- treatment works in real environments. High external validity
Internal vs external validity?
Internal validity- how confident you are that the results of the study are accurate within the conditions of the study itself.
External validity- how confident you are that the results can be generalized to different populations or situations outside of the study conditions.
Pros of longitudinal design
can track changes over time, can study on an individual level
Pros of cross-sectional design
Easier and more efficient
Skills of a clinical psychologist?
quieting themselves, being self-aware, developing positive working relationship with clients, eye contact, vocal qualities, verbal tracking, referring to client by proper name
What does “flexibility within fidelity” mean?
allows one to practice evidence-based care while still being flexible enough to acknowledge that every client is different and may need to go off course
Describe the history of clinical psychology (4 movements)
- psychodynamic
- behaviorism
- humanistic
- multiculturalism
Quasi-experimental vs experimental experiment?
Quasi-experimental designs do not rely on randomized assignment. They can reveal correlations, but not causations. Used when constraints limit testing
Importance of rapport in a clinical interview?
helps client feel more comfortable talking
Between group vs within group design?
Between-group involves an experimental and control group. Within group compares one group of individuals over a period of time
Moral treatment movement?
Movement which tried to get people to move away from the idea that mental illness were just demons that couldn’t be fixed. People should be treated as individuals with specific needs
