Chapter 1 Flashcards
People who are passionate about a cause and who uses their political, economic, or educational influence to raise awareness.
Moral Entrepreneurs
anything used to disseminate information to a wide audience
Media
Affects/Influences the activities of politician
Public Opinion
- body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomena. It includes making,breaking, and reactions to making/breaking laws. Its objective is to develop general and verified principle and knowledge about law, crime and interventions
Criminology
any human conduct that violates criminal law and is subject to punishment
Crime
Behaviour that violates social norms
Deviance
customary ways of doing everyday thing
Social Norms
Two views on deviancy
Subjective and objetive
Presence of certain characteristics defines deviance
Objective Views
Through socialization, we are taught that a person behaviour, or characteristics is deviant
Subject Views
Laws developed based opinions of majority
Consensus Model
Laws develops in order for the ruling class to control everyone else
Conflict Model
Laws developed based on success of special interest groups competing for influence
Interactionist Model
an act of conscious interaction between mind and body, a physical movement that results from the determination or efforts of the actor
Actus Reus
The accused carried out an act intentionally, knowingly, and willingly
Mens Rea
States that the criminal act must be accompanies by an equally criminal mind
Concurrence requirement
Two main categories of criminal offences?
Summary Offences and Indictable Offence
Three types of Indictable Offence?
Absolute Indictable, Electable Indictable, and Hybrid Offence
Minor cases; heard in provincial and territorial courts
Summary Offence
Offences that are more serious
Indictable Offence
Offences that are tried in provincial court before a judge
Absolute Indictable
Offences that has an option of electing trial by provincial court judge or electing a court of Queens Bench Trial with or without a jury and with a preliminary inquiry
Electable Indictable
Offences that are tried summarily or by indictament, depending on the discretion of the crown
Hybrid Offence
Pleads the existence of a mental disease; couldn’t form the requisite mens rea
Insanity Defence
Defendant claims that by reason of a factual error, they did not/ could not had done something wrong
Mistake of fact
The accused admits committing the criminal act but argues they were justified in doing so due to the circumstances surrounding the event
Defence of necessity
The fact that the actor makes an innocent mistake and proceeds in good faith does not affect criminal liability
Absolute-Liability Offence
Exempt that Crown from proving the mens rea of the offence but if the accused can show due diligence, acquittal is possible
Strict-Liability Offence
Supreme aw of Canada
The constitution
Laws that prohibit or mandate certain act; from legislation passed in Parliament
Statute law
Involves the judicial application and interpretation of laws as they apply in a particular case; law from court decision
Case Law
Regulatory offences; written by regulatory agencies that have been given power to develop and enforce rules in areas such as the environment and competition policy
Administrative law
