chapter 1

Question 1

what are substances made of

Answer 1

very tiny particles called atoms

Question 2

what are elements

Answer 2

substances that are made up of just one type of atom

Question 3

what is salt

Answer 3

sodium chloride

Question 4

what do molecules contain

Answer 4

more than one atom

Question 5

what is a compound

Answer 5

contain two or more different types of atoms checmially combined

Question 6

what is a mixture

Answer 6

two or more elements or compounds mixed together

Question 7

what is centrifugation

Answer 7

the process of separating a mixture based on the densities of the particles in that mixture

Question 8

what is chromatography

Answer 8

the separation of a mixture in which the components move at different rates, usually used when separating the components of an ink or dye

Question 9

what is filtration

Answer 9

the mechanical or physical separation of a mixture based on the sizes of the particles in that mixture

Question 10

what is distillation

Answer 10

the process of separating a mixture of two or more liquidxs based on the boiling points of the liquids in the mixture

Question 11

example of 3 things u can use in fraction distillation and their boiling point

Answer 11

ethanol = 78 degrees c
water - 100 degrees c
propanol 97 degrees c

*separate them all by boiling them

Question 12

what are atoms made up of

Answer 12

sub atomic particles

Question 13

what are the 3 sub atomic particles

Answer 13

proton neutron electron

Question 14

proton relative mass and where it is found and charge

Answer 14

charge = +
mass = 1u
found = nucleus

Question 15

relative charge mass and where it is found for neutron

Answer 15

relative charge = neutral
mass = 1u
found in nucleus

Question 16

relative charge mass and where found for electron

Answer 16

charge = -
mass = 0 or 1/1840 U
found around nucleus

Question 17

what do atoms contain

Answer 17

atoms contain a nucleus with a positive charge surrounded by electrons in shells. the size of the nucleus is much smaller than the oversall size of the atom

Question 18

what is the role of the neutrons

Answer 18

the neuron adds mass to the atom. in chemical reactions however the nucleus is not involved the nucleus is involved in nuclear reactions. neutrons okay a very important role in an atom they provide stability to the atom and also prevent protons from repelling one another

Question 19

role of protons

Answer 19

identify the atom

balance the charge of the atom

Question 20

role of electrons

Answer 20

they determine the chemical properties of an element

they are involved in bonding (joining elements together )

Question 21

when is the position of electrons most important in

Answer 21

bonding ( joining together with other atoms)

reactivity (how the element reacts with other elements of compounds h

Question 22

how can electron configuration be represented

Answer 22

by a series of numbers which tells us how many electrons are in each shell

Question 23

what are ions

Answer 23

ions are charged atoms that have gained or lost electrons

Question 24

what are isotopes

Answer 24

atoms of the same element but different nuymebr of neutrons therefore a different mass number

Question 25

what does the diff number of neutrons in nucleus affec

Answer 25

the physical prosperities not the chemical properties

Question 26

what are properties of metal

Answer 26

hard
sense
conduct electricity and heat
malleable 
ductile

Question 27

what is Aq

Answer 27

aqueous (dissolved in water)

Question 28

properties of group 1 metals

Answer 28

have one electron in outter shell

form ions with a charge of +1

very reactive w oxygen and water

their reactivity increases as u go down the group

relatively low melting and boiling point

Question 29

how are group 1 elements and group 7 elements linked

Answer 29

group 1 elements will readily react with group 7 metals to make 8 on the outer shell

Question 30

out of compounds and mixtures who has a fixed composition

Answer 30

compounds, mixtures do not