Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is Persuasion?
is the act of convincing your audience to agree with a claim using rational means.
What is a claim?
A specific stance that you take upon a topic.
What is Ethos?
A persuasive method that involves establishing credibility.
How would you define credibility?
No matter what you say in your argument, it will fall on deaf ears if your audience does not believe that you understand the issue.
It is the belief that you are someone who knows what you are talking about.
Define ‘Paraverbal’.
A type of communication that involves speaking but not words (e.g., tone and pitch of a speaker’s voice)
What is Pathos?
A persuasive method that involves appealing to the audience’s emotions.
What is Logos?
A persuasive method that involves appealing to the audience’s logic.
What are the seven (7) components of Toulmin’s Model of Argumentation?
The claim, grounds, warrant, backing, qualifiers, reservations, and rebuttal.
In Toulmin’s Model of Argumentation, what are ‘the grounds’?
A description of why the audience should accept a claim.
In Toulmin’s Model of Argumentation, what is the warrent?
An explanation of how the grounds follow the claim. Anyone can claim anything. The warrent shows how the grounds logically support the claim.
In Toulmin’s Model of Argumentation, what is the backing?
Support for a claim that answers questions the audience may have.
In Toulmin’s Model of Argumentation, what is the qualifier?
Information describing why a claim may not be universally true.
In Toulmin’s Model of Argumentation, what is the reservation?
The reverse of a claim, which directly suggests that the claim is not true. Also called a counterargument.
In Toulmin’s Model of Argumentation, what is the rebuttal?
An argument made against a reservation or counterargument.
What is a Primary Source?
An artifact, a document, a recording, or other source of information that was created at the time under study that serves as an original source.
What is a Secondary Source?
Any source about an event, period, or issue that was produced after that event, period or issue has passed; secondhand information.
What is anecdotal evidence?
Evidence based on stories or personal accounts.
What is a fallacy?
A common error in reasoning that is either irrelevant to the argument or that presents evidence that does not effectively support the argument.
There are 12 types of fallacies. List them.
Red Herring, Circular Argument, Either / Or, Generic Fallacy, Hasty Generalization, Straw Man, Post hoc ergo propter hoc, Slipper Slope, Ad Hominem, Ad Populum, and Begging the Claim.
What is Editing?
A process that involves checking for and correcting errors, such as spelling, punctuation, and grammar.
Reading aloud can help you find errors.
What is Revising?
A process that involves reviewing a text for clarity and content and altering it where necessary.
Asking yourself if the text is clear, if it says what you want it to and if your audience will understand it can help with revising.
