Chapter 1 Flashcards
Charactorics of most living organisms include the ability to
Grow and reproduce
Respond and adapt to their environment
Unicellular organisms exchange gas, eliminate wastes and absorb nutrients
Directly through their cell membranes
The waste products of metabolism are eliminated through the process of
Excretion
All of the chemical and physical changes taking place in the body refers to
Metabolism
The study of the first few weeks of life includes
Embryology
Studying anatomy by focusing on one region of the body and focusing on everything in that region is called
Gross anatomy
The study of structures using special imaging techniques is
Radiographic anatomy
The study of function is to_______ as the study of form is to anatomy
Physiology
The study of cells and cellular structures is called
Cytology
In dealing with physiology, function is related to
Form
A gastroenterologist studies the human body mainly with an approach resembling
Systemic anatomy
The branch of physiology that studies functions at the tissue level is called
Histophysiology
Which of the following is an organ : blood, heart, peritoneum, connective tissue, mitochondrion
Heart
A collection of cells that work together designates
Tissue
The following is the simplest level of organization
Chemical
Which of the following would be considered an organ: mitochondrion, blood, fat, skin, heart muscle
Skin
Cells are considered the smallest units of life because
Cells are composed of atoms, which, chemically, are the smallest units of structure
The fact that a single defective protein causes cystic fibrosis, a multisystemic illness, proves that
All levels of organization within an organism are interdependent
Covering protection from infection, thermoregulation, and hormone production are functions of what system
Integumentary
The production of another organism is the function of which of the following systems
Reproductive
Regulation of the body using rapid changes caused by electrical signals is characteristic of the
Nervous system
The trachea and lungs are components of the
Respiratory system
The pituitary and thyroid glands are components of the
Endocrine system
Gas exchange is a function of the
Respiratory system
Lungs are to the respiratory system as the spleen is to the
Lymphoid system
Hormones, glands and target cells are associated with the
Skeletal, muscular, integumentary and endocrine systems
Which of the following is characteristics of the endocrine system
Can produce effects that last for days or longs
Which of the following are parts of a homeostatic mechanism
Receptor, control center, and effector
Imagine someone is cold and responds by putting on more clothes. This regulation mechanism is an example of
A behavioral change and is not related to the internal environment
The prevention of change and the shutdown of an overactive organ are examples of
Negative feedback
The increasingly forceful labor contraction that lead to childbirth are an example of the type of mechanism
Positive feedback
Which of the following is an example of negative feedback
Increased pressure in the aorta triggers mechanisms to lower blood pressure
A person who is lying on his stomach is said to be in the
Prone position
Which indicates the back of the body
Posterior and dorsal
Which of the following is medial to the breast
Sternum
The wrist is considered ________ to the elbow
Distal
The naval is _______ to the chin
Inferior
Which of the following regions corresponds to the groin
Pelvic
In the terminology of planes and sections which example includes two terms with identical meanings
Frontal/coronal
Which of the following regions corresponds to the foot
Pedal
This portion of the body contains the upper and lower limbs
Appendicular
Referring to the back means
Dorsal
Anterior is to _______ as posterior is to dorsal
Ventral
Organs that are protected by bone are found in what part of their body
Axial
A cut passing through the midline of the body that divides it into unequal left and right halves is known as this type of plane
Parasagittal
The heart, lungs and small intestine would be found in the
Ventral body cavity
The diaphragm separates the ______ cavity’s from the _______ cavity
Thoracic
Abdominopelvic
The heart is surrounded by
Pericardial
The membrane covering the surface of the stomach is named the
Visceral peritoneum
The membrane covering the surface of the lung is referred to as the
Visceral pleura
The main function of a serous membrane is to
Reduce friction
The peritoneal cavity contains the
Small intestine
Mary who is 6 months pregnant goes to her physican for a retest to check the development of her fetus. The physician uses a device that employs sound waves to produce an image. The technique is known as
Ultrasound
A diagnostic technique that employs a radiodense dye injected into blood vessels is called
Angiogram
The ventral body cavity contains the
Abdominal, pericardial, pelvic and pleural cavities
The mediastinum separates ________ from the ________
One pleural cavity; other pleural cavity
The study of body structure is called
Anatomy
The branch of biological science that deals with how the kidney functions is called ____________ physiology
Renal
A structure that senses change is called a
Receptor
The tendency for physiological systems to stabilize internal conditions with respect to the external environment is called
Homeostasis
In ________ feedback the initial stimulus produces a response that reinforces the stimulus
Positive
A mechanism that brings the internal environment back to normal is ____________ mechanism
Negative feedback
A person lying face up in the anatomical position is said to be in the ___________ position
Supine
The forearm is called the
Antebrachium
The term ___________ refers to the back of the knee
Popliteal
The term __________ refers to the wrist
Carpal
A cut parallel to the midsagittal line would produce a _________ section
Parasagittal or Sagittal
Using anatomical terms of direction, supply the word that would make the sentence correct
The stomach is __________ to the lungs
Inferior
The knee is _________ to the foot
Proximal
- Atom
- Cell
- Lungs
- Heart and blood vessels
- Tissue
- smallest level of organization
- Individual living entity
- Organ
- Organ system
- Group of cells
Primary function of the integumentary system
Protection from environment
Primary function of the muscular system
Locomotion and heat production
Primary function of the endocrine system
Directing long term changes
Primary function of the cardiovascular system
Internal transport of materials
Primary function of the respiratory system
Delivery of air for gas exchange
Primary function of the urinary system
Elimination of excess water
Primary function of the reproductive system
Production of sex cells
Primary function of the skeletal system
Support and protection
Primary function of the nervous system
Directing responses to stimuli
Primary function of the lymphoid system
Defense against infection
Primary function of the digestive system
Processing of food
Structure found within the organ system of endocrine system
Pituitary gland
Structure found within the organ system of urinary system
Urethra
Structure found within the organ system of digestive system
Liver
Structure found within the organ system of skeletal system
Ligaments
Structure found within the organ system of circulatory system
Arteries
Organ near body region cranial
Brain
Organ near body region vertebral
Spinal cord
Organ near body region mammary
Lungs
Organ near body region abdominal
Liver
Organ near body region pelvic
Urinary bladder
Body region and its location; popliteal
Back of knee
Body region and its location; dorsal
Midline of back
Body region and its location; orbital
Eye
Body region and its location; antecubital
Front of elbow
Body region and its location; digital
Fingers or toes
