Chapter 1

Question 1

Neuroscience

Answer 1

Study of the nervous systeme

Question 2

Human behavior

Answer 2

Product of brain activity

Question 3

Exons

Answer 3

coding DNA sequences

Question 4

Promoters/introns

Answer 4

Regulatory sequences

Question 5

Reticular theory

Answer 5

A continuous directly interconnected nerve cell network or reticulum.- Camillo Golgi

Question 6

Neuron doctrine

Answer 6

Nerve cells communicate with each-other by means of (synapses) )specialized contacts that are not sites of continuity between cells.- Cajal and Sherrington

Question 7

Neurons

Answer 7

• Specialized for electrical signaling over long distances
• process information
• Sense environmental changes
• communicate changes to other neurons
• command body response
• intercellular communication via synapses

Question 8

Glia

Answer 8

• Support the signaling functions of neurons
• insulate and nourish neurons
• Essential for repairing nervous system damage
• do not participate directly in synaptic interactions and electrical signaling

Question 9

Postsynaptric

Answer 9

Receive signals from the presynaptic axon terminals

Question 10

Resting membrane potential

Answer 10

-60mV sometimes -70mV depending on cell

Question 11

Inside cell

Answer 11

more negative

Question 12

Action potential

Answer 12

+60 mV or positive in general. lets sodium in. all or nothing event

Question 13

hypolarization

Answer 13

more negative than before

Question 14

sensory systems

Answer 14

Represent information about the state of the organism and its environment

Question 15

Motor systems

Answer 15

Organize and generate actions

Question 16

Associational systems

Answer 16

link sensory and motor sides of the nervous system

Question 17

“higher-order” functions

Answer 17

perception, attention, cognition, emotions, rational thinking, other complex brain functions.

Question 18

Proteins in neurons

Answer 18

Actin, tubulin, and myosin

Question 19

Dedrites

Answer 19

primary targets for synaptic input from other neurons and are distinguished by high content of ribosomes as well as specific cytoskeletal proteins

Question 20

short neurons

Answer 20

Local circuit neurons, interneurons

Question 21

Action Potential

Answer 21

Self-regenerating wave of electrical activity that propagate from its point of initiation at the cell body.

Question 22

Axon hillock

Answer 22

Point of initiation of action potential

Question 23

Voltage-gated Cl- channels

Answer 23

similar to hyperpolarization when potassium leaves the cell. However they act as the modulators for the electrical signaling before action potential

Question 24

Myelin

Answer 24

Has effects on speed of electrical signals

Question 25

Neuropil

Answer 25

region between nerve cell bodies where most synaptic connectivity occurs

Question 26

Afferent neurons

Answer 26

Nerve cells that carry information toward the brain or spinal cord

Question 27

Efferent neurons

Answer 27

Nerve cells that carry information away from them brain or spinal cord

Question 28

Interneurons (local circuit neurons)

Answer 28

only participate in the local aspects of the circuit