Chapter 1

Question 1

Earth’s layers?

Answer 1

1. Core
2. Mantle
3. Crust

Question 2

Topography

Answer 2

Variation in the elevation of land

Question 3

Bathymetry

Answer 3

Variation in sea floor depths

Question 4

Element categories?

Answer 4

1. Minerals
2. Melt
3. Glass
4. Sediment
5. Metal
6. Rock

Question 5

How many elements are there?

Answer 5

92

Question 6

What four elements make up 90% of earths mass?

Answer 6

Iron, oxygen, magnesium and silicon

Question 7

Cryosphere

Answer 7

Glaciers and permafrost

Question 8

Hydrosphere

Answer 8

All of earths water

Question 9

_______ and _______ primarily make up the atmosphere

Answer 9

Nitrogen (78%) and oxygen(21%)

Question 10

Stellar wind(solar wind)

Answer 10

Elements move fast enough in space to over come star’s gravity

Question 11

What elements came out of the Big Bang?

Answer 11

Hydrogen and helium

Question 12

What elements come out of nuclear fusion?

Answer 12

Heavier elements up to iron

Question 13

The protostar

Answer 13

Artist’s rendition of a star forming as matter falls into rotating accretionary disk

Question 14

Nebular theory

Answer 14

Nebulae form 200 million years ago after the Big Bang then formed the protostar and then a star

Question 15

Nebulae

Answer 15

Gas and dust clouds between the stars

Question 16

How far is a light year?

Answer 16

9.46 trillion km

Question 17

What’s the speed of light?

Answer 17

300,000 km per sec

Question 18

Terrestrial planets

Answer 18

Mercury, Venus, earth and mars

Question 19

Jovian planets?

Answer 19

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune

Question 20

Scientific cosmology

Answer 20

The study of the structure and evolution of the universe and all the elements in it