Chapter 1

Question 1

Console Pane

Answer 1

1. This is the window where you can give Instructions to R.
2. Language is in 1s and 0s
3. Answer appears back in the console pane
4. It is the brain. The mind. The engine.

Question 2

Environment Pane

Answer 2

1. Shows the things that R has in its head (i. e., datasets, models, etc)
2. Contains: Import Dataset

Question 3

History Pane

Answer 3

Contains the instructions R has run

Question 4

Bottom right Pane

Answer 4

Contains 5 tabs:

1. Files
2. Plots
3. Packages
4. Help
5. Viewer

Question 5

Symbol > with a cursor flashing after is called

Answer 5

The prompt

Question 6

log(x)

Answer 6

Gives the natural log of x, and not the log to base 10

Question 7

log10(x)

Answer 7

log to base 10

Question 8

sin( )

Answer 8

1. Works in radians and not in degrees
   
   1. For instance, a full circle is 2 x π radians (not 360 degrees)

Question 9

sin(2*pi)

Answer 9

1. should be zero, but R tells us it is very close to zero, but not zero

Question 10

sinpi( )

Answer 10

1. Does the ‘multiply by π’ bit for you
2. Therefore, sinpi(2) does equal zero

Question 11

R ignores white spaces (T or F)

Answer 11

True

Question 12

seq( )

Answer 12

function to make a series of numbers

Question 13

rm( )

Answer 13

stands for remove

Question 14

ls( )

Answer 14

stands for list

Question 15

rm(list = ls( ))

Answer 15

1. This function is used to clear R’s brain
2. Read from inside out
3. ls( ) requests all of the objects in R’s brain
4. rm( ) asks R to remove all of these objects in the list
5. list = is new, and is us telling R exactly what information (i.e., argument) we are giving to the rm( ) function

Question 16

Assignment arrow (less than sign followed by a minus sign)

Answer 16

1. Assigns the answer of a question to an object
2. Creates names for vectors

Question 17

Script

Answer 17

1. R allows you to type your instructions and save the instructions that R then uses to complete your analysis
2. Your results become a permanent, repeatable, annotated, shareable, cross-platform archive of your analysis
3. Essentially, it saves all of your raw data, notes, figures, and analyses in one location

Question 18

What does # represent in R?

Answer 18

1. A symbol that declares that anything after it on that line is a comment (i.e., annotation)
2. Words and notes for you and people reviewing your script

Question 19

Make sure to use this command/prompt when starting a new script and why?

Answer 19

1. rm(list = ls( ))
2. to clear R’s Brain

Question 20

install.packages( )

Answer 20

1. Allows you to install packages that does not come with the base packages