Chapter 1

Question 1

Learning Theories

Answer 1

Behaviorism- promoted by repetition and positive reinforcement.

Cognitive Information Processing (Cognitivism)- Discovery by learners is emphasized.

Social Constructivism- community

Question 2

4 cueing systems

https://faculty.uoit.ca/hughes/Oral_Visual_Literacy/CueingSystems.html

Answer 2

Grapho-phonemic-knowing about print
Syntactic-knowing about language
Semantic-knowing about words and the world
Pragmatic-knowing about purposes or functions of reading

Question 3

Balanced Literacy approach

Answer 3

integrate instruction with authentic reading and writing and experiences
students learn how to use strategies and skills and have opportunities to apply what they are learning

Question 4

Piaget (Schema)

Answer 4

can be defined as a set of linked mental representations of the world
use both to understand and to respond to situations
ex:rubrics, social schemas, stereotypes, social roles, scripts, worldviews, and archetypes.

Question 5

Vygotsky ZPD

Answer 5

difference between what a learner can do without help, and what they can’t do (scaffolding)

Question 6

Reading Recovery (Marie Clay)

Answer 6

a school-based, short-term intervention designed for children aged five or six, who are the lowest achieving in literacy after their first year of school (1st grade tutoring)

Question 7

Literature focus units

Answer 7

multigenre approach to teaching - myth, romance, historical fiction, non fiction

Question 8

Literature circles

Answer 8

small groups of students gather together to discuss a piece of literature in depth

Question 9

Reading/Writing Workshop

Answer 9

the goal is to teach students strategies for reading and comprehension.
interdisciplinary writing technique which can build students’ fluency in writing through continuous, repeated exposure to the process of writing.

Question 10

Emergent, Transitional, Beginning Readers

Answer 10

Emergent- focus on pictures, phonetic awareness, pretend reading, writing names n letters
Transitional-sight words, pictures and initial consonants, memorization of story
Beginning- meaning cues/ to self correct, standard spelling is increased, expanded sight word knowledge,

Question 11

Advancement Indications

Answer 11

Attention shifts to print

memorization and story retelling

Question 12

Advancement Indications - Voice/print

Answer 12

voice and print match, begin trying to use most letters to figure out words

Question 13

Advancement Indications- crosschecking

Answer 13

crosschecking of cues, beginning to see spelling patterns