Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology 121 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Psychology

A

Scientific study of the mind and behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mind

A

Private inner experience of perception, thoughts, memories and feelings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Behaviour

A

Observable actions of human beings and nonhuman animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nativism

A
  • Philosophical view that certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn; born with knowledge
  • supported by Plato
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Philosophical Empiricism

A
  • The view that all knowledge is acquired through experience
  • supported by Aristotle; believed that the child’s mind was a blank slate (tabular rasa) on which experiences were written
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Rene Descartes

A
  • French philosopher who argued mind and body are different things=dualism
  • body-material substance
  • mind-immaterial/spiritual substance
  • physical body is container for non-physical mind
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A
  • English philosopher argued against Descartes and dualism

- mind and body aren’t different, mind is what the body does

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Franz Joesph Gall

A
  • French/German physician who thought mind and brain are related
  • examined brains of people who died from disease, healthy adults and children
  • mental ability increases with larger brain size, decreases with damage to brain
  • developed theory of Phrenology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Phrenology

A
  • developed by Franz Joesph Gall
  • now discredited theory that specific mental abilities and characteristics, ranging from memory to capacity for happiness are localized in specific regions of the brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Structuralism

A
  • Analysis of basic elements that constitute the mind
  • based on presumption that all human experiences could be understood as the combination of basic complements
  • developed by Wilhelm Wundt
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hermann von Helmholtz

A
  • physiologist who trained humans to respond when he applied a stimulus
  • recorded patients reaction time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Stimulus

A

Sensory input from the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A
  • opened first psychology lab in Leipzig, Germany
  • physiologists who trained students but was more interested in the questions of the mind
  • wanted to understand consciousness and basic processes of sensation and perception
  • Used method of introspection
  • developed structuralism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Consciousness

A

A person’s subjective experience of the world and mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Introspection

A

Subjective observation of one’s own experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Titchner

A
  • trained by Wundt and also focused on consciousness

- one of first psychologists in the USA; Cornell University

17
Q

Functionalism

A

Study of how mental processes enable people to adapt to this environment

  • in contrast to structuralism (examined mental processes) functionalism set out to understand the functions those mental processes served
  • developed by William James
18
Q

William James

A
  • coined term stream of consciousness
  • thinking was inspired by Charles Darwin
  • developed functionalism
19
Q

Hysteria

A

Temporary loss of cognitive and motor functions usually as a result of emotionally upsetting experiences

20
Q

Sigmund Freud

A
  • developed unconscious, psychoanalytic theory and psychoanalysis
  • believed that human actions stem from inherited instincts, biological drives and attempts to resolve conflicts between personal needs and societies demands
  • influence diminished bc his vision of human nature was dark and focused on problems and limitations rather than possibilities and potential
21
Q

Psychoanalytic theory

A

Approach emphasizes importance of unconscious mental processes in shaping feelings, thoughts and behaviours

22
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Therapeutic approach that focusses on bringing unconscious mental processes in shaping feelings, thoughts and behaviour

23
Q

Unconscious

A

Part of the mind that operates outside of conscious awareness but influences conscious thoughts, feelings and actions

24
Q

Humanistic Psychology

A
  • Approach to understanding human nature that emphasizes the positive potential of humans
  • Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers
  • focused on individual aspirations rather than considering them prisoners of the past
  • viewed individuals as free agents who have needs to grow and develop
  • offered a more positive view of human nature
25
Q

Behaviorism

A
  • An approach that advocates that psychologist restrict them selves the scientific study of objectively observing human behaviour
  • AKA stimulus response psychology
  • developed by John Watson and B.F. Skinner
  • behaviourists examined how stimuli influenced responses
26
Q

John Watson

A
  • believed that environment was most important influence on behaviour
  • applying principles of stimulus and response that had been examined in animals he taught an infant Albert to develop a strong fear of white rats and other furry white animals
  • behaviourists should focus on what people do rather than what people experience
27
Q

B.F Skinner

A
  • believed animals act on environment in order to get what they want
  • built Skinner Box- put mice in boxes with lever that whenever it was pressed, would dispense food, mice associated the lever with food
  • saw evidence for what he called the principle of reinforcement
28
Q

Reinforcement

A

Consequences of her behaviour determine whether it will be more or less likely to occur again

29
Q

6 Branches of psychology

A

Behavioural/cognitive neuroscience, clinical psychology, cognitive psychology, evolutionary psychology, cultural psychology, social psychology

30
Q

Cognitive psychology

A

Scientific study of mental processes including perception, thought, memory and reasoning

31
Q

Gestalt psychology

A

Psychological approach that emphasizes that we often perceived the whole rather than the sum of the parts

32
Q

Behavioural neuroscience

A

Approach that links psychological processes to activities in the nervous system into other bodily processes, developed by Karl Lashley

33
Q

Cognitive neuroscience

A

Field of study that attempts to understand the links between cognitive processes and brain activity

34
Q

Evolutionary psychology

A

An approach that explains mind and behaviour in terms of the adaptive value abilities that are preserved overtime by natural selection, developed by John Garcia

35
Q

Social psychology

A

Study of the causes and consequences of suicidality, developed by Norman Triplett when he noticed that cyclist ride faster when they rode with others

36
Q

Cultural psychology

A
  • Study of how culture reflect and shape the psychological processes of its members
  • Absolutism-culture makes little or no difference for most psychological phenomenon
  • Relativism- Psychological phenomenon is likely to vary considerably across cultures and should be viewed only in the context of a specific culture

Psychology 121 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions