Chapter 1

Question 1

Three elements of a Policy Problem

Answer 1

1) gap between the ideal world and current reality
2) The reason for this gap should be unclear
3) There should be more than one possible solution to the problem

Question 2

Definition of Policy

Answer 2

'’a purposive course (goal-orientated) of action followed by an actor or set of actors in dealing with a problem or matter of concern

Question 3

Name the four means

Answer 3

Judicial: Legislation
Economic: Subsidies/Taxes
Communication: Persuasion
Modern: Self-regulation

Question 4

What are Means, and how many are there?

Answer 4

Series of intended activities with certain consequences (instruments), 4.

Question 5

Mean Legislation

Answer 5

Rules and sanctions to guide or force public in a direction

Question 6

Mean Subsidies/taxes

Answer 6

To exchange the behavior our population by using these means

Question 7

Mean persuasion

Answer 7

Preaching. Persuade people

Question 8

Means self-regulation

Answer 8

Democratic countries, has been delegated by interest groups. They are working on solution

Question 9

Which level is policy made?

Answer 9

Management level. The top level of the company or country

Question 10

Draw the Health Policy Triangle

Answer 10

Simple Relation model

Question 11

What are actors?

Answer 11

• individuals,organizations, groups, ‘states’
• Inside government: members of parliament, ministers, bureaucrats
  -Outside government:
  Groups that do not seek political power but may seek influence

Question 12

Macro level

Answer 12

Role of states/Political

Question 13

Meso level

Answer 13

Role of Institutions

Question 14

Micro level

Answer 14

role of citizens/societal

Question 15

What are the Contextual factors that affect Policy?

Answer 15

Situational factors
Structural factors
Cultural factors
International factors

Question 16

What are Situational factors?

Answer 16

Focusing event, violent events (war, earthquake etc)

Question 17

What are Structural factors?

Answer 17

Political system, type of economy, technology, GNP, demography, migration

Question 18

What are Cultural factors

Answer 18

Religion, traditional social values

Question 19

What are international (exogenous) factors?

Answer 19

Interdependence among states, bilateral/multilateral aid

Question 20

What are the elements in the process of Policy making?

Answer 20

Problem identification
Policy formulation
Policy implementation
Policy evaluation

Question 21

What are the elements in the process of Policy making?

Answer 21

Problem identification and issue recognition
Policy formulation
Policy implementation
Policy evaluation

Question 22

What is problem identification?

Answer 22

Explores how some issues get on to the policy agenda , while others do not even get discussed.

Question 23

Policy Formulation

Answer 23

Explores who is involved in formulating policy, how policies are arrived at, agreed upon, and how they are communicated.

Question 24

Policy Implementation

Answer 24

This is often the most neglected phase of policy making and is sometimes seen as quite divorced from the first two stages.

Question 25

Policy Evaluation

Answer 25

Identifies what happens once a policy is put into effect - how it is monitored, whether it achieves its objectives and whether it has unintended consequences. This may be the stage at which policies are changed or terminated and new policies introduced

Question 26

What is the most important phase of policy making?

Answer 26

Policy implementation, is arguably the most important phase of policy making because if policies are not implemented, or are diverted or changed at implementation, then presumably something is going wrong from the point of view of the policy originator - and the policy outcomes may not be those which were sought.

Question 27

What is the content? .

Answer 27

Data analysis, numbers & ideas. Why is it not working?

Question 28

Name three elements of data analysis.

Answer 28

Actor chart, labeling, causal analysis