Chapter 1 Flashcards
The Health Policy Framework
Three elements of a Policy Problem
1) gap between the ideal world and current reality
2) The reason for this gap should be unclear
3) There should be more than one possible solution to the problem
Definition of Policy
'’a purposive course (goal-orientated) of action followed by an actor or set of actors in dealing with a problem or matter of concern
Name the four means
Judicial: Legislation
Economic: Subsidies/Taxes
Communication: Persuasion
Modern: Self-regulation
What are Means, and how many are there?
Series of intended activities with certain consequences (instruments), 4.
Mean Legislation
Rules and sanctions to guide or force public in a direction
Mean Subsidies/taxes
To exchange the behavior our population by using these means
Mean persuasion
Preaching. Persuade people
Means self-regulation
Democratic countries, has been delegated by interest groups. They are working on solution
Which level is policy made?
Management level. The top level of the company or country
Draw the Health Policy Triangle
Simple Relation model
What are actors?
- individuals,organizations, groups, ‘states’
- Inside government: members of parliament, ministers, bureaucrats
-Outside government:
Groups that do not seek political power but may seek influence
Macro level
Role of states/Political
Meso level
Role of Institutions
Micro level
role of citizens/societal
What are the Contextual factors that affect Policy?
Situational factors
Structural factors
Cultural factors
International factors
What are Situational factors?
Focusing event, violent events (war, earthquake etc)
What are Structural factors?
Political system, type of economy, technology, GNP, demography, migration
What are Cultural factors
Religion, traditional social values
What are international (exogenous) factors?
Interdependence among states, bilateral/multilateral aid
What are the elements in the process of Policy making?
Problem identification
Policy formulation
Policy implementation
Policy evaluation
What are the elements in the process of Policy making?
Problem identification and issue recognition
Policy formulation
Policy implementation
Policy evaluation
What is problem identification?
Explores how some issues get on to the policy agenda , while others do not even get discussed.
Policy Formulation
Explores who is involved in formulating policy, how policies are arrived at, agreed upon, and how they are communicated.
Policy Implementation
This is often the most neglected phase of policy making and is sometimes seen as quite divorced from the first two stages.
Policy Evaluation
Identifies what happens once a policy is put into effect - how it is monitored, whether it achieves its objectives and whether it has unintended consequences. This may be the stage at which policies are changed or terminated and new policies introduced
What is the most important phase of policy making?
Policy implementation, is arguably the most important phase of policy making because if policies are not implemented, or are diverted or changed at implementation, then presumably something is going wrong from the point of view of the policy originator - and the policy outcomes may not be those which were sought.
What is the content? .
Data analysis, numbers & ideas. Why is it not working?
Name three elements of data analysis.
Actor chart, labeling, causal analysis
