Chapter 1 Flashcards
Where are the periods on the periodic table?
They are the horizontal numbers on the periodic table, there are seven rows
What are the groups on the periodic table?
They are the vertical columns, there are 18 columns
What is the atomic mass?
Its the weight of each element. (The decimal above the element)
What is the atomic number?
The whole number on the bottom of the element
What is chemistry?
Its the study of matter and how it changes
What is an atom?
Atoms are building blocks
What is an element?
Elements are the same atoms combined together
Examples of an element
Oxygen (o), Aluminum (Al)
What is a compound?
They are two or more elements combined
Examples of a compound?
Aluminum oxide, Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
Whats a pure substance?
1 compound
Whats a mixture?
2 compounds or more
What is nanotechnology?
A manipulation of matter with at least one dimension sized between 1-100 nanometers
Whats a molecule?
Its a fixed number of atoms held together by chemical bonds in a certain spatial arraignment
Whats a mole?
A unit used to compare the amount of substance
ex. Dozen=12
Whats the unit of a mole?
A mole = 6.02 = 10^23
What is the molar mass?
Sum of atomic mass of all elements present in a molecule or compound
Example of Molar mass
Na atomic mass=22.990g
Cl=35.453g
22.990+35.453= 58.44g
How to do mass percent? (Use Na And Cl)
Na atomic mass=22.990g molar mass = 58.44g
Cl=35.453g molar mass = 58.44g
22.990/58.44 100% = 39.33% (Na)
35.453/58.44100%=60.66%
What does the mass number mean in an element?
The sum of protons and neutrons in an element. It also accounts for the majority of the mass of that atom or element
What charge does a proton have?
Positive
What charge does a electron have?
Negative
What charge does a neutron have?
zero charge
Where do you locate the positive charge?
At the center of the nucleus
Where do you locate the negative charge?
It floats around the outside of the nucleus
What is green chemistry?
Uses materials and processes that are intended to prevent or reduce pollution at its sources
What is sustainable chemistry?
Designed to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the needs of future generations
What is matter
any substance that has mass and occupies volume
What are the 4 stages of matter
solid, liquid, gas, plasmas
What is a solid
particles of matter that are tightly packed together. They have a definite, fixed shape. Solids have the least energy of the 3 stages of matter
What is a liquid
particles of matter are loosely packed and are free to move past one another. They have an indefinite shape and assume the shape of the container. They cannot be compressed and have a definite volume. They have less energy than gases but more energy that solids
What is a gas state
particles of matter are far apart and uniformly distributed throughout the container. Gases have an indefinite shape and assume the shape of their container. They can be compressed and have an indefinite volume Gas has the most energy of the 3 states of shapes
What happens where a solid goes to a liquid phase change?
the phase is called melting. A substance melts as the temperature increases
What happens where a liquid goes to a solid phase change?
the phase is called freezing. A substance freezes as the temperature decreases
What happens when a liquid goes to gas phase change?
the phase is called vaporizing. A substance vaporizes as the temperature increases
What happens when a gas goes to a liquid phase change?
the phase is called condensing. A substance condenses as the temperature decreases
What happens when a solid goes to a gas phase change?
the phase is called sublimation. A substance sublimes as the temperature increases
What happens when a gas goes to a solid gas phase change?
the phase is called deposition. A substance undergoes deposition as the temperature decreases.
Where are the metalloids on the periodic table?
On the steps, except aluminum
Where are the metals on the periodic table?
everything to the left of the steps
Where are the nonmetals on the periodic table?
everything to the right of the steps
What is a physical property?
Its a characteristic of a pure substance that we can observe without changing its composition
What does a physical property include?
appearance, melting and boiling points, density, heat and electrical conductivity, solubility and physical state
What is a chemical property?
it describes a pure substance chemical reaction with other substances
What is a physical change?
a change where the chemical composition of the sample doesn’t change
What does a physical change include?
includes changes in physical state or shape of a pure substance
What is a chemical change?
a chemical reaction
