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SLS 262 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the periods on the periodic table?

A

They are the horizontal numbers on the periodic table, there are seven rows

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2
Q

What are the groups on the periodic table?

A

They are the vertical columns, there are 18 columns

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3
Q

What is the atomic mass?

A

Its the weight of each element. (The decimal above the element)

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4
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The whole number on the bottom of the element

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5
Q

What is chemistry?

A

Its the study of matter and how it changes

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6
Q

What is an atom?

A

Atoms are building blocks

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7
Q

What is an element?

A

Elements are the same atoms combined together

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8
Q

Examples of an element

A

Oxygen (o), Aluminum (Al)

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9
Q

What is a compound?

A

They are two or more elements combined

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10
Q

Examples of a compound?

A

Aluminum oxide, Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

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11
Q

Whats a pure substance?

A

1 compound

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12
Q

Whats a mixture?

A

2 compounds or more

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13
Q

What is nanotechnology?

A

A manipulation of matter with at least one dimension sized between 1-100 nanometers

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14
Q

Whats a molecule?

A

Its a fixed number of atoms held together by chemical bonds in a certain spatial arraignment

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15
Q

Whats a mole?

A

A unit used to compare the amount of substance

ex. Dozen=12

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16
Q

Whats the unit of a mole?

A

A mole = 6.02 = 10^23

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17
Q

What is the molar mass?

A

Sum of atomic mass of all elements present in a molecule or compound

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18
Q

Example of Molar mass

A

Na atomic mass=22.990g
Cl=35.453g
22.990+35.453= 58.44g

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19
Q

How to do mass percent? (Use Na And Cl)

A

Na atomic mass=22.990g molar mass = 58.44g
Cl=35.453g molar mass = 58.44g
22.990/58.44 100% = 39.33% (Na)
35.453/58.44100%=60.66%

20
Q

What does the mass number mean in an element?

A

The sum of protons and neutrons in an element. It also accounts for the majority of the mass of that atom or element

21
Q

What charge does a proton have?

A

Positive

22
Q

What charge does a electron have?

A

Negative

23
Q

What charge does a neutron have?

A

zero charge

24
Q

Where do you locate the positive charge?

A

At the center of the nucleus

25
Q

Where do you locate the negative charge?

A

It floats around the outside of the nucleus

26
Q

What is green chemistry?

A

Uses materials and processes that are intended to prevent or reduce pollution at its sources

27
Q

What is sustainable chemistry?

A

Designed to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the needs of future generations

28
Q

What is matter

A

any substance that has mass and occupies volume

29
Q

What are the 4 stages of matter

A

solid, liquid, gas, plasmas

30
Q

What is a solid

A

particles of matter that are tightly packed together. They have a definite, fixed shape. Solids have the least energy of the 3 stages of matter

31
Q

What is a liquid

A

particles of matter are loosely packed and are free to move past one another. They have an indefinite shape and assume the shape of the container. They cannot be compressed and have a definite volume. They have less energy than gases but more energy that solids

32
Q

What is a gas state

A

particles of matter are far apart and uniformly distributed throughout the container. Gases have an indefinite shape and assume the shape of their container. They can be compressed and have an indefinite volume Gas has the most energy of the 3 states of shapes

33
Q

What happens where a solid goes to a liquid phase change?

A

the phase is called melting. A substance melts as the temperature increases

34
Q

What happens where a liquid goes to a solid phase change?

A

the phase is called freezing. A substance freezes as the temperature decreases

35
Q

What happens when a liquid goes to gas phase change?

A

the phase is called vaporizing. A substance vaporizes as the temperature increases

36
Q

What happens when a gas goes to a liquid phase change?

A

the phase is called condensing. A substance condenses as the temperature decreases

37
Q

What happens when a solid goes to a gas phase change?

A

the phase is called sublimation. A substance sublimes as the temperature increases

38
Q

What happens when a gas goes to a solid gas phase change?

A

the phase is called deposition. A substance undergoes deposition as the temperature decreases.

39
Q

Where are the metalloids on the periodic table?

A

On the steps, except aluminum

40
Q

Where are the metals on the periodic table?

A

everything to the left of the steps

41
Q

Where are the nonmetals on the periodic table?

A

everything to the right of the steps

42
Q

What is a physical property?

A

Its a characteristic of a pure substance that we can observe without changing its composition

43
Q

What does a physical property include?

A

appearance, melting and boiling points, density, heat and electrical conductivity, solubility and physical state

44
Q

What is a chemical property?

A

it describes a pure substance chemical reaction with other substances

45
Q

What is a physical change?

A

a change where the chemical composition of the sample doesn’t change

46
Q

What does a physical change include?

A

includes changes in physical state or shape of a pure substance

47
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

a chemical reaction

SLS 262 (3 decks)

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