Chapter 1

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

the study of internal and external body structures and their physical relationships among other body parts

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

the study of how living organisms perform their vital functions

Question 3

The principle of complementarity of structure and function

Answer 3

all specific functions are performed by specific structures, and the form of a structure relates to its function

Question 4

Gross Anatomy

Answer 4

(aka macroscopic anatomy) involves examining fairly large structures; conducted without a microscope

Question 5

Microscopic Anatomy

Answer 5

examining structures that we cannot see without magnification

Question 6

Cytology

Answer 6

the study of the internal structure of individual cells

Question 7

Histology

Answer 7

the study of tissues

Question 8

Human Anatomy

Answer 8

the study of the structure of the human body

Question 9

Tissue

Answer 9

groups of specialized cells that work together to perform specific functions

Question 10

Human Physiology

Answer 10

the study of the functions of the human body

Question 11

Sign

Answer 11

an objective disease indication like a fever

Question 12

Symptom

Answer 12

a subjective disease indication like tiredness

Question 13

Scientific Method

Answer 13

a system of advancing knowledge that begins by proposing a hypothesis to answer a question, and then testing that hypothesis with data collected through observation and experimentation

Question 14

Proximal

Answer 14

toward the point of attachment of a limb

Question 15

Distal

Answer 15

away from the point of attachment of a limb

Question 16

Lateral

Answer 16

away from the midline

Question 17

Medial

Answer 17

toward the midline

Question 18

Anterior/Ventral

Answer 18

the front surface or the bellyside

Question 19

Posterior/Dorsal

Answer 19

the back surface

Question 20

Cranial/Cephalic

Answer 20

toward the head

Question 21

Caudal

Answer 21

toward the tail

Question 22

Superficial

Answer 22

at, near, or relatively close to the body surface

Question 23

Deep

Answer 23

toward the interior of the body; farther from the surface

Question 24

Superior

Answer 24

above

Question 25

Inferior

Answer 25

below

Question 26

Homeostasis

Answer 26

A state of dynamic equilibrium where opposing forces are balanced

Question 27

Set point

Answer 27

expected value of regulated variable

Question 28

Error signal

Answer 28

difference between value of set-point and the value of the regulated variable

Question 29

Signals

Answer 29

allow components to communicate; chemical messengers

Question 30

Negative feedback

Answer 30

decreases the effect

Question 31

Negative feedback

Answer 31

effect from initial stimulus leads to action from the body that negates/decreases the effect

Question 32

Positive feedback

Answer 32

effect of initial stimulus leads to action from the body that increases the effect (like blood clotting)

Question 33

Autoregulation

Answer 33

when a cell, tissue, organ, or organ system adjusts in response to some environmental change

Question 34

Extrinsic regulation

Answer 34

activities of the nervous or endocrine systems