Chapter 1 Flashcards
Does the increase of police decrease crime rate?
No
What does the increase of police do to society?
Decreases the fear of crime
What do criminologists do?
- Use scientific methods to study the nature, extent, cause and control of criminal behaviour
- Attempt to bring objectivity and scientific methods to the study of crime and its consequences.
- Take the development of criminal law and its use to define crime, the cause of law violations, and the methods used to control criminal behaviour.
What is criminology?
- The development of criminal law and its used to define crime, the cause of law violations and the methods used to control criminal behaviour.
What is an essential part of criminology?
Its nature as interdisciplinary science.
What happened in the late 1960’s?
Research projects were developed to understand the way police, courts and correctional agencies operated.
What is the difference between a criminologist and criminal justice scholars?
Criminologists: Explain the etiology (origin), extent, and nature of crime in society.
Criminal Justice Scholars: Describe and analyze the work of the police, courts, and correctional facilities and how to better design effective methods of crime control
What model depicts the relationship between crime and deviance?
Hagan’s Varieties of Deviance
What are the 3 dimensions that depicts the relationship between crime and deviance?
- The evaluation of social harm
- The level of agreement about the norm
- The severity of societal response
What were people in the Middle Ages who violated social norms or religious practices believed to be?
Witches or possessed by demons
What does utilitarianism?
A view that punishment should be balanced and fair because criminal behaviour must be seen as purposeful and reasonable.
Who was Cesare Beccaria?
Italian aristocrat whose writings described both motive for committing crime and methods for its control.
What are the 4 elements of Classical Criminology?
- People have free will to choose criminal or lawful solutions to meet their needs or settle their problems
- Criminal solutions are more attractive due to their less work and greater pay off
- Choice of criminal solutions may be controlled by fear of punishment
- More severe and swift the punishment, the better to control criminal behaviour
Most common example of sentencing being heard to the seriousness of a crime?
Capital Punishment
What did the work of Charles Darwin encourage?
The view that all human activity could be verified by scientific principles
What did J.L Lavater study?
Facial features of criminals to determine whether the shape of ears, noses, and eyes and the distance between them were associated with antisocial behaviour
What did Cesare Lombroso study?
Cadavers of executed criminals to scientifically determine whether law violators were physically different from people of conventional values and behaviour
Who was the first social scientist to use objective mathematical techniques to investigate the influence of social factors, such as season, climate, sex and age?
L.A.J Quetelet
Who argued that crime could be useful,, and even healthy, for a society to experience?
Emile Durkeim
What did the Chicago School and the McGill School pioneer?
The study of crime involving looking at crime in the context of where a person lives.
What is Penology?
The study of correction and control of criminal offenders
What do Penologists do?
Make new strategies for crime control and then help implement the policies.
