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CALIFORNIA CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM > CHAPTER 1 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 1 Flashcards

1
Q

SINCE WHAT YEAR DO AMERICANS BELIEVE CRIME IS AN “EXTREME” PROBLEM THAT IS WORSE FROM ONE YEAR TO THE NEXT?

A

2000

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2
Q

WHAT YEARS DID A CONCERN FOR CRIME REACH A 15-YEAR HIGH?

A

2016

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3
Q

IN 2015, WHAT PERCENTAGE OF AMERICANS WORRIED ABOUT CRIME “A GREAT DEAL.”

A

53%

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4
Q

ARE AMERICANS DISSATISFIED OR SATISFIED WITH THE WAY THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM IS HANDLING CRIME?

A

DISSATISFIED

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5
Q

WHAT PERCENTAGE AND IN WHAT YEAR WERE AMERICANS “VERY SATISFIED” WITH THE NATION’S POLICIES ON HOW TO REDUCE OR CONTROL CRIME?

A

5%

2016

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6
Q

IN 2016, WHAT PERCENTAGE OF AMERICANS EXPRESSED A “GREAT DEAL OF CONFIDENCE” IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM?

A

9%

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7
Q

DO AMERCIANS BELIEVE CRIME IS “CHRONICALLY” INCREASING?

A

YES

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8
Q

ARE AMERICANS VERY FEARFUL OF CRIME?

A

YES

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9
Q

IS THE PERCEPTION OF CRIME JUST AS IMPORTANT AS THE ACTUAL CRIME RATE?

A

YES

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10
Q

“ONE CRIME IS TOO MANY” TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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11
Q

HOW DO YOU WE KNOW CA’S CRIME LEVELS

A

VIA OFFICIAL CRIME DATA

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12
Q

2014-2015 DID CRIME INCREASE ACROSS THE BOARD IN CALIFORNIA?

A

YES

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13
Q

IS IT TOO SOON TO KNOW IF A “REAL” CRIME TREND TAKING PLACE?

A

YES

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14
Q

DO CALIFORNIA CRIME TRENDS PARALLEL THE NATIONS CRIME TRENDS SINCE THE 1960’S?

A

YES

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15
Q

WERE CRIME LEVELS IN CALIFORNIA HIGHER THAN THE NATIONAL AVERAGE IN THE 60’S, YET PARALLEL.

A

YES

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16
Q

WHAT HAPPENED A DECADE AGO TO CA VS. THE NATIONAL AVERAGE

A

IT IS NOW BELOW THE NATIONAL AVERAGE, BUT CONTINUES TO PARALLEL.

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17
Q

WHAT CAUSES CRIME?

A

LAWS CAUSE CRIME.

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18
Q

WHAT ARE LAWS?

A

CODIFIIED RULES

PRONOUNCE TO A POPULATION

REQUIRED BEHAVIOR
PERMISSIBLE BEHAVIOR
PROHIBITED BEHAVIOR

BY THE GOVERNMENT

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19
Q

WHAT ARE CRIMES CONSIDERED?

A

BEHAVIORS OR LACK THEREOF

THAT ARE IN VIOLATION OF THE LAW

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20
Q

IT IS AN IMPORTANT FOR EVERY STATE IN THE NATION TO TRACK ITS CRIME RATE?

A

YES

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21
Q

DOES THE UCR PROVIDE ONE OF THE MOST “COMMON” RECORDING AND REPORTING MECHANISMS IN THE COUNTRY?

A

YES

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22
Q

DOJ» FBI»UCR?

A

YES

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23
Q

WHAT YEAR WAS THE UCR CREATED?

A

1929

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24
Q

IS UCR DATA STATISTICS OBTAINED FROM A SAMPLE?

A

NO

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25
Q

UCR DATA IS “AN ACTUAL COUNT” NOT STATISTICS. TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

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26
Q

DOES THE UCR ANNUALLY PUBLISH THE COLLECTION?

A

YES

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27
Q

WHAT ARE PART 1 INDEX CRIMES?

A

FELONIES

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28
Q

LIMITATION #1: NAME SOME OF THE “PART 1 INDEX CRIMES.

A

MURDER, RAPE, ROBBERY, AGGRAVATED ASSAULT, BURGLARY, THEFT, MVT OR GTA, AND ARSON.

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29
Q

IS UCR DATA USEFUL TO TRACK CRIME TRENDS AND CRIME LEVELS?

A

YES

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30
Q

DO ALL CALIFORNIA JURISDICTIONS REPORT UCR DATA?

A

YES

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31
Q

IS UCR DATA LIMITED TO “PART I INDEX CRIME.”

A

YES

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32
Q

LIMITATION #2 IS THE SECOND UCR LIMITATION “CAPTURE?” MEANING IT DOES NOT CAPTURE UNREPORTED CRIMES AND CRIME DISMISSED BY POLICE. YES OR NO?

A

YES

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33
Q

LIMITATION #3: ARE CRIME DEFINITIONS AND REPORTING PROCEDURES ISSUES THAT OBSCURE CRIME COUNTS? YES OR NO

A

YES

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34
Q

IN 1986 PROCEDURAL CHANGES IN DV’S CAUSED A 35% INCREASE IN AGGRAVATED ASSAULT. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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35
Q

IN ONE EVENT OR CRIME INCIDENT ONLY ONE CRIME IS REPORTED TO THE UCR DESPITE THE FACT THAT MORE CRIMES COULD HAVE OCCURRED DURING THE SAME CALL? TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

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36
Q

LIMITATION #4: WHAT IS THE HIERARCHY RULE?

A

ONLY THE MOST SERIOUS CRIME IS REPORTED PER EVENT OR INCIDENT.

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37
Q

LIMITATION #5: UCR HAS DIFINITIONS THAT MAY PRECLUDE AN AGENCY’S CRIME FROM THE COUNT. TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

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38
Q

WAS THE DEFINITION OF RAPE AN ISSUE UP UNTIL 2012?

A

YES

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39
Q

WHY?

A

IT DIDN’T INCLUDE MEN OR BOYS

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40
Q

WAS THE UCR’S FAILURE TO COUNT MEN AND BOYS RAPES A TRIVIAL MATTER?

A

NO

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41
Q

IN THE MID 1990’S THE NVAWS SAID _________ MEN ARE RAPED IN ANY GIVEN YEAR

A

92,748

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42
Q

SINCE 2012 THE RAPE DEFINITION CHANGED. WHAT WAS THE INCREASE IN RAPE COUNT FOR THE UCR IN THE PAST THREE YEARS? (2013-2015)

A

29.2%

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43
Q

RAPES ON BOYS AND MEN HAVE BEEN OCCURRING YEAR AFTER YEAR. THE 29.2% ONLY REPRESENTS AN INCREASE IN COUNT - NOT AN INCREASE IN RAPE. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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44
Q

IS UCR THE BEST CRIME DATA TO USE? YES OR NO

A

YES

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45
Q

IS UCR IS THE ONLY NATIONAL AND STATE DATASET THAT COUNTS CRIME OVER A LONG ENOUGH TIME TO ESTABLISH TRENDS? YES OR NO

A

YES

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46
Q

FLUCTUATION IN CRIME IS NOT THE SAME AS A TREND. TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

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47
Q

HOW MANY YEARS OF CONSISTENT TRENDING DATA IS IT CONSIDERED A SUBSTANTIAL AND CONSEQUENTIAL TREND IN CRIME?

A

THREE OR MORE YEARS

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48
Q

HOW MANY PEOPLE WERE IN CA IN 2015

A

39-MILLION

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49
Q

CALIFORNIA HAS HOW MUCH PERCENT OF THE NATIONS POPULATION?

A

12%

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50
Q

WHY ARE CRIME RATES USED?

A

TO HAVE A REALISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF CRIME WITHOUT BEING MISGUIDED BY THE SIZE OF THE STATE

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51
Q

IS A CRIME RATE A STANDARDARDIZED MEASURE OF CRIME? YES OR NO

A

YES

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52
Q

DOES CRIME RATES REFER TO A GEOGRAPHICAL/ TEMPORAL UNIT? YES OR NO

A

YES

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53
Q

IN 2015 HOW MANY UCR CRIMES OCCURRED IN CA?

A

1,190,416

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54
Q

IN 2015 HOW MANY CRIMES OCCURRED PER 100,000 PEOPLE?

A

3,047

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55
Q

IS THERE MORE PROPERTY CRIME THAN VIOLENT CRIME? YES OR NO

A

YES

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56
Q

WHAT PERCENT OF ALL CRIME IS PROPERTY CRIME?

A

86%

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57
Q

WHAT PERCENT OF ALL CRIME IS VIOLENT CRIME?

A

14%

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58
Q

2015: WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON CRIME IN CA

A

LARCENY/THEFT (55% OF ALL CRIME)

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59
Q

2015: WHAT IS THE SECOND MOST COMMON CRIME IN CA

A

BURGLARY (17% OF ALL CRIME)

60
Q

2015: WHAT IS THE THIRD MOST COMMON CRIME IN CA

A

MVT (GTA) (14% OF ALL CRIME)

61
Q

2015: WHAT IS THE LEAST COMMON CRIME IN CA?

A

HOMOCIDE (.2%)

62
Q

2015: WHAT IS THE SECOND LEAST CRIME IN CA?

A

ARSON (.6%)

63
Q

2015: WHAT IS THE THIRD LEAST CRIME IN CA?

A

RAPE (1%)

64
Q

DISAGGREGATE

A

SEPERATE SOMETHING INTO ITS COMPONENT PARTS

65
Q

HOW DO VIOLENT AND PROPERTY CRIMES DIFFER?

IS THIS ALSO THE FIRST REASON FOR DISAGGREGATION?

A

THEY DIFFER IN TARGET: ONE TARGETS PERSONS THE OTHER TARGETS PROPERTY, RESPECTIVELY.

YES

66
Q

WHAT IS THE SECOND REASON FOR DISAGGREGATION?

A

THEY COULD HAVE DIFFERENT TRENDS

67
Q

ARE VIOLENT CRIMES PREDICTABLE IN THAT THEY SEQUENTIALLY DECREASE IN ACCORDANCE TO THEIR SERIOUSNESS?

A

YES;

THE MORE SERIOUS THE LESS OFTEN

THE LESS SERIOUS THE MORE OFTEN

68
Q

DOES PROPERTY CRIME FOLLOW THE SAME SEQUENTIAL DECREASE AS VIOLENT CRIME?

A

YES;

2015; THE LEAST SERIOUS IS THE MOST COMMON: THEFT 64%
BURGLARY 19%
MVT OR GTA 16%
ARSON 1%

69
Q

IN CA AND IN 2015 DID CRIME INCREASE OR DECREASE?

A

INCREASED

70
Q

COULD REALIGNMENT AND/OR PROP 47 HAD SOMETHING TO DO WITH THE INCREASE?

A

MAYBE

71
Q

THIS SECTION EXAMINES THE CRIME TRENDS OF THREE NEIGHBORING STATES AND THE NATIONAL AVERAGE FOR THE PAST 10-YEARS (2005-2015). TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

72
Q

IN WHAT YEAR DID REALIGNMENT HAPPEN ?

A

2011

73
Q

WHICH TWO BILLS REALIGNED CALIFORNIA’S INMATE POPULATION?

A

109 AND 117

74
Q

WHAT HAPPENED WITH THE REALIGNMENT?

A

PRISON INMATES WERE TRANSFERRED TO ONE OF 58 COUNTY JAILS IN CALIFORNIA.

75
Q

SPECIFICALLY THE REALIGNMENTS REQUIRED WHAT OF THE COUNTY JAILS?

A

TO KEEP THE INMATES (NON-VIOLENT; NON SERIOUS, NON SEXUAL OFFENSES) THAT WOULD OTHERWISE BE TRANSFERRED TO PRISON.

76
Q

THE TWO BILLS(109 AND 117) WERE CREATED DUE TO THE US SUPREME COURT’S RULING THAT POPULATION WAS SO HIGH - IT WAS A VIOLATION OF AMENDMENT 8- “CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT.” TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

77
Q

DID THE BILL GIVE THE COUNTIES AUTONOMY TO DISCIPLINE N3S AS THEY SEE FIT? YES OR NO

A

YES

78
Q

THE BILL SAID IDEALLY USING “EVIDENCE BASED POLICY)

TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

79
Q

WHAT THREE MAIN FACTORS WERE TARGETED WITH THE REALIGNMENT BILLS?

A

REDUCE CORRECTION’S SPENDING, REDUCE PRISON POPULATION, IMPROVE THE STATE CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM.

80
Q

DID REALIGNMENT INCREASE MVT?

A

YES, IN 2012, MVT ROSE BY 70 MVT’S PER 100,000

81
Q

DID REALIGNMENT INCREASE VIOLENT CRIME?

A

NO

82
Q

DID THE INCREASE IN MVTS HAPPEN ONLY IN 2012

A

YES

83
Q

IN WHAT MONTH AND YEAR DID PROPOSITION 47 OCCURE?

A

NOVEMBER 2014

84
Q

DID PROP 47 REDUCE FELONIES TO MISDEMEANORS?

A

YES

85
Q

IF AN INMATE HAD A PRIOR VIOLENT CRIME, COULD THEY STILL BE ELIGIBLE?

A

GENERALLY, NO.

86
Q

DID PROP 47 INCREASE THE THRESHOLD BETWEEN MISDEMEANORS AND FELONIES FROM 450 TO 950?

A

YES

87
Q

DID PROP 47 MAKE “PERSONAL USE” OF DRUGS A MISDEMEANOR RATHER THAN A FELONY?

A

YES

88
Q

DID PROP 47 ALLOW FOR CURRENT INMATES TO REDUCE THE SERIOUSNESS OF THEIR CRIMES? (FELONIES TO MISDEMEANORS)

A

YES

89
Q

IN 2014 AND 2015 DID CRIME INCREASE - POSSIBLY DUE TO THE REALIGNMENT AND PROP 47?

A

YES

90
Q

IN 2014 AND 2015 DID VIOLENT CRIMES INCREASE?

A

YES, BY 8.4%

91
Q

IN 2014 AND 2015 DID PROPERTY CRIMES INCREASE?

A

YES, BY 6.6%*

92
Q

COULD ALL OF THE INCREASE IN VIOLENT CRIME BE ATTRIBUTED TO PROP 47? WHY?

A

NO, BECAUSE SOME MAY HAVE BEEN DUE TO UCR’S 2012’s RAPE DEFINITION CHANGE.

93
Q

DESPITE THE 2015 CRIME INCREASE - WAS CA’S CRIME LOWER IN 2005? IF SO, WHAT IS THE RATE DIFFERENCE?

A

YES, 19%

94
Q

IN 2010 WAS CRIME RATE HIGHER OR LOWER THAN IN 2015’s PEAK?

A

IN 2010 IT WAS HIGHER THAN 2015’s PEAK BY 3%

95
Q

IN 2012 CA’S CRIME WAS WAS 0.4% LESS THAN IT WAS IN 2015. TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

96
Q

WAS 2005, 2010, AND 2012’S VIOLENT CRIME RATES PARALLEL WITH PROPERTY CRIMES?

A

YES

97
Q

MOREOVER, IN 2015 PROPERTY CRIME WAS 21% LOWER THAN IN 2005. TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

98
Q

IN 2010, PROPERTY CRIME WAS .4% HIGHER THAN IN 2015 TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

99
Q

IN 2012, PROPERTY CRIME WAS 6% HIGHER THAN IN 2015. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

100
Q

Is CA POLICY CAUSING A CRIME INCREASE?

A

RESULTS ARE MIXED

101
Q

FROM 2014-2015 VIOLENT CRIME INCREASED IN CA BY 8%, BUT SO DID ITS NEIGHBORS AND THE NATION. TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

102
Q

CA HAD THE HIGHEST INCREASE IN PROPERTY CRIME FROM 2014-2015

A

TRUE

103
Q

NEIGHBORING STATES AND THE NATION HAD MIXED RESULTS. TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

104
Q

REALIGNMENT AND PROP 47 HAD SOME INCREASE IN CA BUT VIOLENT CRIME HAD PROPORTIONATE LEVELS TO ITS NEIGHBORS AND NATION. TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

105
Q

HOW ARE THE MURDER VICTIMS IN CA?

A

ETHNIC, MALE, 18-29, FIREARM, KNOWN

106
Q

FROM 1976 TO 2009 CA MURDER RATES WERE A BIT HIGHER THAN THE NATIONAL AVG. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

107
Q

WHAT IS CA CURRENT (2015) MURDER RATE?

A

4.8

108
Q

IS CA’S 4.8 THE LOWEST ITS BEEN SINCE THE MID-SIXTIES? YES OR NO

A

YES

109
Q

WHAT IS 2015’S NATL HOMICIDE RATE?

A

4.9 (SLIGHTLY HIGHER THAN CA)

110
Q

COUNTS AND RATES ARE VERY DIFFERENT. COUNTS ARE TOTALS AND RATES TAKES INTO ACCOUNT POPULATIONS SIZES. TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

111
Q

IN CA WHICH THREE COUNTIES HAVE THE HIGHEST HOMICIDE RATES?

A

MONTEREY, MERCED, TULARE

112
Q

WHAT PLACE IS LA?

A

13TH (5.8)

113
Q

WHO HAS THE LEAST RATE AMONG THE HIGHEST COUNTS

A

SAN BERNARDINO WITH 5.1

114
Q

IN 2013, DID UCR CHANGE THE DEFINITION OF RAPE?

A

YES, FROM FORCIBLE RAPE TO RAPE

115
Q

DOES RAPE NEED TO INCLUDE “FORCIBLE RESISTENCE.”

A

NO, RAPE DOES NOT REQUIRE PHYSICAL RESISTENCE TO BE CONSIDERED RAPE

116
Q

CA RAPE RATES DECREASED SINCE 1980. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

117
Q

FOR THE FIRST 32 YEARS (SINCE THE 1960’S) CA HAD HIGHER RATES OF RAPE THAN THE NATION. TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

118
Q

SINCE 1992 CA RAPE RATE HAS BEEN SLIGHTLY LOWER. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE.

119
Q

CA RAPE RATE IS THE LOWEST SINCE THE 60’S. TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

120
Q

CA’S ROBBERY HAS BEEN CONSISTENTLY HIGHER THAN THE NAT’L AVERAGE. ESPECIALLY BETWEEN 1975-1995
(20 YEARS). TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

121
Q

CA HAS THE LOWEST RATES SINCE THE 60’S BUT IS STILL HIGHER THAN THE NATION’S RATE. TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

122
Q

SIGHTLY LESS THAN HALF OF ROBBERIES WERE COMMITTED WITH A WEAPON. TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

123
Q

OF THOSE THAT INCLUDED WEAPONS, FIREARMS WERE MOST COMMON. TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE (58%)

124
Q

WHAT TYPE OF PLACES DID ROBBERIES HAPPEN THE MOST?

A

PARKS, PARKING LOTS, AND STREETS (PUBLIC PLACES)

125
Q

ROBBERIES SECOND MOST HAPPENED WHERE?

A

COMMERCIAL PLACES: GAS STATIONS AND CONVENIENCE STORES. THIRD LEAST AT CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, AND GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS AND RESIDENCES.

126
Q

HIGH LEVEL OF VICTIM INJURY THAT DETERMINES ASSAULT - TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

127
Q

FOR 46 YEARS CA HAS HAS A HIGHER LEVEL OF AGGRAVATED ASSAULT THAN THE NATION. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

128
Q

SINCE 2006 HOW HAS CA’S AGGRAVATED ASSAULT COMPARED WITH THE NATION?

A

EVEN

129
Q

TODAY, 2015, HOW DO CA’S RATES COMPARE TO THAT OF THE NATION?

A

CA IS SLIGHTLY HIGHER (254); NATION (238)

130
Q

WERE MOST AGGRAVATED ASSAULTS COMMITTED WITH THE USE OF A WEAPON?

A

YES, 70%

131
Q

AS FAR AS AGGRAVATED ASSAULTS 18% WERE COMMITTED WITH WEAPONS AND HOW MANY (%) WITH KNIVES?

A

17

132
Q

BURGLARY HAS BEEN THE SAME WITH CA AND THE NATION SINCE 2000. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

133
Q

FROM 1960 TO 1990 BURGLARLY RATES WERE A LOT HIGHER THAN THE NATION. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

134
Q

SINCE 2000 CA’S BURGLARY RATE HAS BEEN RELATIVELY THE SAME AS THE NATION?

A

TRUE

135
Q

IS RESIDENTIAL BURGLARY THE MOST COMMON OF THE BURGLARIES?

A

YES (61%)

136
Q

CA BURGS HAPPEN IN THE DAYTIME?

A

TRUE (38%)

137
Q

WHAT IS THE PERCENTAGE OF NIGHTTIME BURGS

A

30%

138
Q

BURGS MOSTLY HAPPEN WITH FORCE ENTRY. TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE (62%)

139
Q

FROM 60-1990 LARCENY-THEFT WAS HIGHER IN CA THAN THE NATION. TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

140
Q

1990-2012 (22 YEARS) CALI’S THEFTS WERE LOWER?

A

TRUE

141
Q

IS THEFT IN CALI LOWER THAN THE NAT’L AVG.?

A

YES

142
Q

IS MVT RATES WAVY IN CALI?

A

YES

143
Q

CA HAD HIGHER THAN AVG CRIMES RATES WHEN COMPARED TO THE NATION.

A

TRUE

144
Q

CA MVT ARE NEARLY TWICE THAT OF THE NATION.

A

true

145
Q

RECENTLY CA CRIME TRENDS ARE SIMILAR TO THAT OFTHE NATION

A

TRUE

146
Q

TRENDS TEND TO LAST 10 YEARS.

A

TRUE

CALIFORNIA CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM (1 decks)

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