CHAPTER 1 Flashcards
1
Q
SINCE WHAT YEAR DO AMERICANS BELIEVE CRIME IS AN “EXTREME” PROBLEM THAT IS WORSE FROM ONE YEAR TO THE NEXT?
A
2000
2
Q
WHAT YEARS DID A CONCERN FOR CRIME REACH A 15-YEAR HIGH?
A
2016
3
Q
IN 2015, WHAT PERCENTAGE OF AMERICANS WORRIED ABOUT CRIME “A GREAT DEAL.”
A
53%
4
Q
ARE AMERICANS DISSATISFIED OR SATISFIED WITH THE WAY THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM IS HANDLING CRIME?
A
DISSATISFIED
5
Q
WHAT PERCENTAGE AND IN WHAT YEAR WERE AMERICANS “VERY SATISFIED” WITH THE NATION’S POLICIES ON HOW TO REDUCE OR CONTROL CRIME?
A
5%
2016
6
Q
IN 2016, WHAT PERCENTAGE OF AMERICANS EXPRESSED A “GREAT DEAL OF CONFIDENCE” IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM?
A
9%
7
Q
DO AMERCIANS BELIEVE CRIME IS “CHRONICALLY” INCREASING?
A
YES
8
Q
ARE AMERICANS VERY FEARFUL OF CRIME?
A
YES
9
Q
IS THE PERCEPTION OF CRIME JUST AS IMPORTANT AS THE ACTUAL CRIME RATE?
A
YES
10
Q
“ONE CRIME IS TOO MANY” TRUE OR FALSE?
A
TRUE
11
Q
HOW DO YOU WE KNOW CA’S CRIME LEVELS
A
VIA OFFICIAL CRIME DATA
12
Q
2014-2015 DID CRIME INCREASE ACROSS THE BOARD IN CALIFORNIA?
A
YES
13
Q
IS IT TOO SOON TO KNOW IF A “REAL” CRIME TREND TAKING PLACE?
A
YES
14
Q
DO CALIFORNIA CRIME TRENDS PARALLEL THE NATIONS CRIME TRENDS SINCE THE 1960’S?
A
YES
15
Q
WERE CRIME LEVELS IN CALIFORNIA HIGHER THAN THE NATIONAL AVERAGE IN THE 60’S, YET PARALLEL.
A
YES
16
Q
WHAT HAPPENED A DECADE AGO TO CA VS. THE NATIONAL AVERAGE
A
IT IS NOW BELOW THE NATIONAL AVERAGE, BUT CONTINUES TO PARALLEL.
17
Q
WHAT CAUSES CRIME?
A
LAWS CAUSE CRIME.
18
Q
WHAT ARE LAWS?
A
CODIFIIED RULES
PRONOUNCE TO A POPULATION
REQUIRED BEHAVIOR
PERMISSIBLE BEHAVIOR
PROHIBITED BEHAVIOR
BY THE GOVERNMENT
19
Q
WHAT ARE CRIMES CONSIDERED?
A
BEHAVIORS OR LACK THEREOF
THAT ARE IN VIOLATION OF THE LAW
20
Q
IT IS AN IMPORTANT FOR EVERY STATE IN THE NATION TO TRACK ITS CRIME RATE?
A
YES
21
Q
DOES THE UCR PROVIDE ONE OF THE MOST “COMMON” RECORDING AND REPORTING MECHANISMS IN THE COUNTRY?
A
YES
22
Q
DOJ» FBI»UCR?
A
YES
23
Q
WHAT YEAR WAS THE UCR CREATED?
A
1929
24
Q
IS UCR DATA STATISTICS OBTAINED FROM A SAMPLE?
A
NO
25
UCR DATA IS "AN ACTUAL COUNT" NOT STATISTICS. TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
26
DOES THE UCR ANNUALLY PUBLISH THE COLLECTION?
YES
27
WHAT ARE PART 1 INDEX CRIMES?
FELONIES
28
LIMITATION #1: NAME SOME OF THE "PART 1 INDEX CRIMES.
MURDER, RAPE, ROBBERY, AGGRAVATED ASSAULT, BURGLARY, THEFT, MVT OR GTA, AND ARSON.
29
IS UCR DATA USEFUL TO TRACK CRIME TRENDS AND CRIME LEVELS?
YES
30
DO ALL CALIFORNIA JURISDICTIONS REPORT UCR DATA?
YES
31
IS UCR DATA LIMITED TO "PART I INDEX CRIME."
YES
32
LIMITATION #2 IS THE SECOND UCR LIMITATION "CAPTURE?" MEANING IT DOES NOT CAPTURE UNREPORTED CRIMES AND CRIME DISMISSED BY POLICE. YES OR NO?
YES
33
LIMITATION #3: ARE CRIME DEFINITIONS AND REPORTING PROCEDURES ISSUES THAT OBSCURE CRIME COUNTS? YES OR NO
YES
34
IN 1986 PROCEDURAL CHANGES IN DV'S CAUSED A 35% INCREASE IN AGGRAVATED ASSAULT. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
35
IN ONE EVENT OR CRIME INCIDENT ONLY ONE CRIME IS REPORTED TO THE UCR DESPITE THE FACT THAT MORE CRIMES COULD HAVE OCCURRED DURING THE SAME CALL? TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
36
LIMITATION #4: WHAT IS THE HIERARCHY RULE?
ONLY THE MOST SERIOUS CRIME IS REPORTED PER EVENT OR INCIDENT.
37
LIMITATION #5: UCR HAS DIFINITIONS THAT MAY PRECLUDE AN AGENCY'S CRIME FROM THE COUNT. TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
38
WAS THE DEFINITION OF RAPE AN ISSUE UP UNTIL 2012?
YES
39
WHY?
IT DIDN'T INCLUDE MEN OR BOYS
40
WAS THE UCR'S FAILURE TO COUNT MEN AND BOYS RAPES A TRIVIAL MATTER?
NO
41
IN THE MID 1990'S THE NVAWS SAID _________ MEN ARE RAPED IN ANY GIVEN YEAR
92,748
42
SINCE 2012 THE RAPE DEFINITION CHANGED. WHAT WAS THE INCREASE IN RAPE COUNT FOR THE UCR IN THE PAST THREE YEARS? (2013-2015)
29.2%
43
RAPES ON BOYS AND MEN HAVE BEEN OCCURRING YEAR AFTER YEAR. THE 29.2% ONLY REPRESENTS AN INCREASE IN COUNT - NOT AN INCREASE IN RAPE. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
44
IS UCR THE BEST CRIME DATA TO USE? YES OR NO
YES
45
IS UCR IS THE ONLY NATIONAL AND STATE DATASET THAT COUNTS CRIME OVER A LONG ENOUGH TIME TO ESTABLISH TRENDS? YES OR NO
YES
46
FLUCTUATION IN CRIME IS NOT THE SAME AS A TREND. TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
47
HOW MANY YEARS OF CONSISTENT TRENDING DATA IS IT CONSIDERED A SUBSTANTIAL AND CONSEQUENTIAL TREND IN CRIME?
THREE OR MORE YEARS
48
HOW MANY PEOPLE WERE IN CA IN 2015
39-MILLION
49
CALIFORNIA HAS HOW MUCH PERCENT OF THE NATIONS POPULATION?
12%
50
WHY ARE CRIME RATES USED?
TO HAVE A REALISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF CRIME WITHOUT BEING MISGUIDED BY THE SIZE OF THE STATE
51
IS A CRIME RATE A STANDARDARDIZED MEASURE OF CRIME? YES OR NO
YES
52
DOES CRIME RATES REFER TO A GEOGRAPHICAL/ TEMPORAL UNIT? YES OR NO
YES
53
IN 2015 HOW MANY UCR CRIMES OCCURRED IN CA?
1,190,416
54
IN 2015 HOW MANY CRIMES OCCURRED PER 100,000 PEOPLE?
3,047
55
IS THERE MORE PROPERTY CRIME THAN VIOLENT CRIME? YES OR NO
YES
56
WHAT PERCENT OF ALL CRIME IS PROPERTY CRIME?
86%
57
WHAT PERCENT OF ALL CRIME IS VIOLENT CRIME?
14%
58
2015: WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON CRIME IN CA
LARCENY/THEFT (55% OF ALL CRIME)
59
2015: WHAT IS THE SECOND MOST COMMON CRIME IN CA
BURGLARY (17% OF ALL CRIME)
60
2015: WHAT IS THE THIRD MOST COMMON CRIME IN CA
MVT (GTA) (14% OF ALL CRIME)
61
2015: WHAT IS THE LEAST COMMON CRIME IN CA?
HOMOCIDE (.2%)
62
2015: WHAT IS THE SECOND LEAST CRIME IN CA?
ARSON (.6%)
63
2015: WHAT IS THE THIRD LEAST CRIME IN CA?
RAPE (1%)
64
DISAGGREGATE
SEPERATE SOMETHING INTO ITS COMPONENT PARTS
65
HOW DO VIOLENT AND PROPERTY CRIMES DIFFER?
| IS THIS ALSO THE FIRST REASON FOR DISAGGREGATION?
THEY DIFFER IN TARGET: ONE TARGETS PERSONS THE OTHER TARGETS PROPERTY, RESPECTIVELY.
YES
66
WHAT IS THE SECOND REASON FOR DISAGGREGATION?
THEY COULD HAVE DIFFERENT TRENDS
67
ARE VIOLENT CRIMES PREDICTABLE IN THAT THEY SEQUENTIALLY DECREASE IN ACCORDANCE TO THEIR SERIOUSNESS?
YES;
THE MORE SERIOUS THE LESS OFTEN
THE LESS SERIOUS THE MORE OFTEN
68
DOES PROPERTY CRIME FOLLOW THE SAME SEQUENTIAL DECREASE AS VIOLENT CRIME?
YES;
2015; THE LEAST SERIOUS IS THE MOST COMMON: THEFT 64%
BURGLARY 19%
MVT OR GTA 16%
ARSON 1%
69
IN CA AND IN 2015 DID CRIME INCREASE OR DECREASE?
INCREASED
70
COULD REALIGNMENT AND/OR PROP 47 HAD SOMETHING TO DO WITH THE INCREASE?
MAYBE
71
THIS SECTION EXAMINES THE CRIME TRENDS OF THREE NEIGHBORING STATES AND THE NATIONAL AVERAGE FOR THE PAST 10-YEARS (2005-2015). TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
72
IN WHAT YEAR DID REALIGNMENT HAPPEN ?
2011
73
WHICH TWO BILLS REALIGNED CALIFORNIA'S INMATE POPULATION?
109 AND 117
74
WHAT HAPPENED WITH THE REALIGNMENT?
PRISON INMATES WERE TRANSFERRED TO ONE OF 58 COUNTY JAILS IN CALIFORNIA.
75
SPECIFICALLY THE REALIGNMENTS REQUIRED WHAT OF THE COUNTY JAILS?
TO KEEP THE INMATES (NON-VIOLENT; NON SERIOUS, NON SEXUAL OFFENSES) THAT WOULD OTHERWISE BE TRANSFERRED TO PRISON.
76
THE TWO BILLS(109 AND 117) WERE CREATED DUE TO THE US SUPREME COURT'S RULING THAT POPULATION WAS SO HIGH - IT WAS A VIOLATION OF AMENDMENT 8- "CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT." TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
77
DID THE BILL GIVE THE COUNTIES AUTONOMY TO DISCIPLINE N3S AS THEY SEE FIT? YES OR NO
YES
78
THE BILL SAID IDEALLY USING "EVIDENCE BASED POLICY)
| TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
79
WHAT THREE MAIN FACTORS WERE TARGETED WITH THE REALIGNMENT BILLS?
REDUCE CORRECTION'S SPENDING, REDUCE PRISON POPULATION, IMPROVE THE STATE CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM.
80
DID REALIGNMENT INCREASE MVT?
YES, IN 2012, MVT ROSE BY 70 MVT'S PER 100,000
81
DID REALIGNMENT INCREASE VIOLENT CRIME?
NO
82
DID THE INCREASE IN MVTS HAPPEN ONLY IN 2012
YES
83
IN WHAT MONTH AND YEAR DID PROPOSITION 47 OCCURE?
NOVEMBER 2014
84
DID PROP 47 REDUCE FELONIES TO MISDEMEANORS?
YES
85
IF AN INMATE HAD A PRIOR VIOLENT CRIME, COULD THEY STILL BE ELIGIBLE?
GENERALLY, NO.
86
DID PROP 47 INCREASE THE THRESHOLD BETWEEN MISDEMEANORS AND FELONIES FROM 450 TO 950?
YES
87
DID PROP 47 MAKE "PERSONAL USE" OF DRUGS A MISDEMEANOR RATHER THAN A FELONY?
YES
88
DID PROP 47 ALLOW FOR CURRENT INMATES TO REDUCE THE SERIOUSNESS OF THEIR CRIMES? (FELONIES TO MISDEMEANORS)
YES
89
IN 2014 AND 2015 DID CRIME INCREASE - POSSIBLY DUE TO THE REALIGNMENT AND PROP 47?
YES
90
IN 2014 AND 2015 DID VIOLENT CRIMES INCREASE?
YES, BY 8.4%
91
IN 2014 AND 2015 DID PROPERTY CRIMES INCREASE?
YES, BY 6.6%*
92
COULD ALL OF THE INCREASE IN VIOLENT CRIME BE ATTRIBUTED TO PROP 47? WHY?
NO, BECAUSE SOME MAY HAVE BEEN DUE TO UCR'S 2012's RAPE DEFINITION CHANGE.
93
DESPITE THE 2015 CRIME INCREASE - WAS CA'S CRIME LOWER IN 2005? IF SO, WHAT IS THE RATE DIFFERENCE?
YES, 19%
94
IN 2010 WAS CRIME RATE HIGHER OR LOWER THAN IN 2015's PEAK?
IN 2010 IT WAS HIGHER THAN 2015's PEAK BY 3%
95
IN 2012 CA'S CRIME WAS WAS 0.4% LESS THAN IT WAS IN 2015. TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
96
WAS 2005, 2010, AND 2012'S VIOLENT CRIME RATES PARALLEL WITH PROPERTY CRIMES?
YES
97
MOREOVER, IN 2015 PROPERTY CRIME WAS 21% LOWER THAN IN 2005. TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
98
IN 2010, PROPERTY CRIME WAS .4% HIGHER THAN IN 2015 TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
99
IN 2012, PROPERTY CRIME WAS 6% HIGHER THAN IN 2015. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
100
Is CA POLICY CAUSING A CRIME INCREASE?
RESULTS ARE MIXED
101
FROM 2014-2015 VIOLENT CRIME INCREASED IN CA BY 8%, BUT SO DID ITS NEIGHBORS AND THE NATION. TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
102
CA HAD THE HIGHEST INCREASE IN PROPERTY CRIME FROM 2014-2015
TRUE
103
NEIGHBORING STATES AND THE NATION HAD MIXED RESULTS. TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
104
REALIGNMENT AND PROP 47 HAD SOME INCREASE IN CA BUT VIOLENT CRIME HAD PROPORTIONATE LEVELS TO ITS NEIGHBORS AND NATION. TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
105
HOW ARE THE MURDER VICTIMS IN CA?
ETHNIC, MALE, 18-29, FIREARM, KNOWN
106
FROM 1976 TO 2009 CA MURDER RATES WERE A BIT HIGHER THAN THE NATIONAL AVG. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
107
WHAT IS CA CURRENT (2015) MURDER RATE?
4.8
108
IS CA'S 4.8 THE LOWEST ITS BEEN SINCE THE MID-SIXTIES? YES OR NO
YES
109
WHAT IS 2015'S NATL HOMICIDE RATE?
4.9 (SLIGHTLY HIGHER THAN CA)
110
COUNTS AND RATES ARE VERY DIFFERENT. COUNTS ARE TOTALS AND RATES TAKES INTO ACCOUNT POPULATIONS SIZES. TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
111
IN CA WHICH THREE COUNTIES HAVE THE HIGHEST HOMICIDE RATES?
MONTEREY, MERCED, TULARE
112
WHAT PLACE IS LA?
13TH (5.8)
113
WHO HAS THE LEAST RATE AMONG THE HIGHEST COUNTS
SAN BERNARDINO WITH 5.1
114
IN 2013, DID UCR CHANGE THE DEFINITION OF RAPE?
YES, FROM FORCIBLE RAPE TO RAPE
115
DOES RAPE NEED TO INCLUDE "FORCIBLE RESISTENCE."
NO, RAPE DOES NOT REQUIRE PHYSICAL RESISTENCE TO BE CONSIDERED RAPE
116
CA RAPE RATES DECREASED SINCE 1980. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
117
FOR THE FIRST 32 YEARS (SINCE THE 1960'S) CA HAD HIGHER RATES OF RAPE THAN THE NATION. TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
118
SINCE 1992 CA RAPE RATE HAS BEEN SLIGHTLY LOWER. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE.
119
CA RAPE RATE IS THE LOWEST SINCE THE 60'S. TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
120
CA'S ROBBERY HAS BEEN CONSISTENTLY HIGHER THAN THE NAT'L AVERAGE. ESPECIALLY BETWEEN 1975-1995
(20 YEARS). TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
121
CA HAS THE LOWEST RATES SINCE THE 60'S BUT IS STILL HIGHER THAN THE NATION'S RATE. TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
122
SIGHTLY LESS THAN HALF OF ROBBERIES WERE COMMITTED WITH A WEAPON. TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
123
OF THOSE THAT INCLUDED WEAPONS, FIREARMS WERE MOST COMMON. TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE (58%)
124
WHAT TYPE OF PLACES DID ROBBERIES HAPPEN THE MOST?
PARKS, PARKING LOTS, AND STREETS (PUBLIC PLACES)
125
ROBBERIES SECOND MOST HAPPENED WHERE?
COMMERCIAL PLACES: GAS STATIONS AND CONVENIENCE STORES. THIRD LEAST AT CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, AND GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS AND RESIDENCES.
126
HIGH LEVEL OF VICTIM INJURY THAT DETERMINES ASSAULT - TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
127
FOR 46 YEARS CA HAS HAS A HIGHER LEVEL OF AGGRAVATED ASSAULT THAN THE NATION. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
128
SINCE 2006 HOW HAS CA'S AGGRAVATED ASSAULT COMPARED WITH THE NATION?
EVEN
129
TODAY, 2015, HOW DO CA'S RATES COMPARE TO THAT OF THE NATION?
CA IS SLIGHTLY HIGHER (254); NATION (238)
130
WERE MOST AGGRAVATED ASSAULTS COMMITTED WITH THE USE OF A WEAPON?
YES, 70%
131
AS FAR AS AGGRAVATED ASSAULTS 18% WERE COMMITTED WITH WEAPONS AND HOW MANY (%) WITH KNIVES?
17
132
BURGLARY HAS BEEN THE SAME WITH CA AND THE NATION SINCE 2000. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
133
FROM 1960 TO 1990 BURGLARLY RATES WERE A LOT HIGHER THAN THE NATION. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
134
SINCE 2000 CA'S BURGLARY RATE HAS BEEN RELATIVELY THE SAME AS THE NATION?
TRUE
135
IS RESIDENTIAL BURGLARY THE MOST COMMON OF THE BURGLARIES?
YES (61%)
136
CA BURGS HAPPEN IN THE DAYTIME?
TRUE (38%)
137
WHAT IS THE PERCENTAGE OF NIGHTTIME BURGS
30%
138
BURGS MOSTLY HAPPEN WITH FORCE ENTRY. TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE (62%)
139
FROM 60-1990 LARCENY-THEFT WAS HIGHER IN CA THAN THE NATION. TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
140
1990-2012 (22 YEARS) CALI'S THEFTS WERE LOWER?
TRUE
141
IS THEFT IN CALI LOWER THAN THE NAT'L AVG.?
YES
142
IS MVT RATES WAVY IN CALI?
YES
143
CA HAD HIGHER THAN AVG CRIMES RATES WHEN COMPARED TO THE NATION.
TRUE
144
CA MVT ARE NEARLY TWICE THAT OF THE NATION.
true
145
RECENTLY CA CRIME TRENDS ARE SIMILAR TO THAT OFTHE NATION
TRUE
146
TRENDS TEND TO LAST 10 YEARS.
TRUE
