Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Spinal Anatomy > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 basic tissues of the human body?

A

Epithelial, muscle, neural, connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is osteology?

A

Study of bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 3 primary cell types of bone?

A

Osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of each type of bone cell?

A

Osteoblast: form bone

Osteocytes: maintain/nurture

Osteoclasts: remodel bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the bone cells embedded in?

A

An amorphous matrix consisting of ground substance, protein fibers and various minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the primary constituent of the ground substance?

A

Glycosaminoglycans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What types of glycosaminoglycans predominate in bone?

A

Chondroitin Sulfate, Keratin Sulfates & Hyaluronic Acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the principal type of protein fiber in bone?

A

Collagen Type 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the primary constituents of the bone Mindel?

A

Calcium, Phosphate, Citrate & Carbonate Ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the most frequently described deposit in bone?

A

Hydroxyapatite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bone is also the repository for what additional ions?

A

Sodium, magnesium, fluoride, lead, strontium, radium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Wolff’s Law?

A

Living tissue will respond to stressors such as anxiety, tension, pressure; bone is formed of absorbed in response to these same stressors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What 3 responses of “living” bone were stressed in class?

A

It has the ability to:

  1. Heal
  2. Remodel under stressors such as Anxiety, Tension or Pressure
  3. To “age”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bone is the embryological derivative of which specific connective tissues?

A

Mesenchyme
and/or
cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the name given to the pattern of ossification in mesenchyme?

A

Intramembranous ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the timing for the appearance of intramembranous ossification?

A

2nd - 3rd month in uterine

17
Q

What part of the axial skeleton is primarily formed by intramembranous ossification?

A

The skull

18
Q

What is the name given to the pattern of ossification in cartilage?

A

Endochondral ossification

19
Q

What is the timing for the appearance of ossification of cartilage?

A

2nd - 5th month in utero

20
Q

Which skull bones are ossified by both endochondral & intramembranous ossification?

A

Mandible, sphenoid, temporal, occipital

21
Q

Which bone of the appendicular skeleton is formed by both endochondral & intramembranous ossification?

A

Clavicle

22
Q

What are the names given to the centers of ossification based on time of appearance?

A

Primary centers appear before birth

Secondary centers appear after birth

23
Q

Mature bone is described as being composed of what areas based on bone density?

A

Cortical or compact bone
&
spongy, cancellous or trabecular bone

24
Q

What is the name given to the bone below an articulating surface?

A

Subchondral Bone

25
Q

What is the name of the outer fibro-cellular covering of bone?

A

Periosteum

26
Q

What is the name given to the fibro-cellular lining of bone?

A

Endosteum

27
Q

What are the primary sources of variation observed in bone?

A 
Sexual dimorphism (gender variation) 
Ontogenetic variation (growth or age variation) 
Geographic/population-based variation (ethnic) 
Idiosyncratic variation (individual variation)
28
Q

Difference in the number or morphology of vertebrae within the population based on male & female variation is identified as which type of variation?

A

Sexual dimorphism or gender variation

29
Q

Differences in the number of morphology of vertebrae w/in the population based on age or development variation is identified as which type of variation?

A

Ontogenetic variation

30
Q

Differences in the number or morphology of vertebrae w/in the population based on ethnicity or locational variation is identified as which type of variation?

A

Geographic variation or population based variation

31
Q

Differences in the number of morphology of vertebrae w/in the population based on the uniqueness between individuals is identified as which type of variation?

A

Idiosyncratic variation

32
Q

What are the 6 more commonly used classifications of normal bone?

A

Long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, paranasal sinus or pneumatic bones. & sesamoid bones

33
Q

Which classifications of bone are characteristic of the appendicular skeleton?

A

Long bones, short bones & sesamoid bones

Spinal Anatomy (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions