Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ISSA FAST TRACK PERSONAL TRAINER > Chapter 1-7 > Flashcards

Chapter 1-7 Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal system

A

Consist of around 206 bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

98% of the body is composed of how many elements

A

Six

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the names of the elements the body is composed of ?

A 
Oxygen,
Carbon,
Hydrogen,
Nitrogen,
Calcium,
Phosphorus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The hierarchy structure of the body are

A

Chemicals
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Systems
Organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mitochondria

A

Known as the powerhouse cell responsible for energy production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Homeostasis

A

The body’s automatic tendency to maintain constant internal body environment through various processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Kinesiology

A

Study of physical movements and the active and passive structures involved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Axial skeletal system

A

80 bones including skull , spine and ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Appendicular system

A

All other extensions of the axial skeletal system (126 bones)

60 upper extremities
60 lower extremities
2 in pelvic girdle
4 in shoulder girdle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Muscular system

A

Muscle tissue that connects to bones for movement to occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nervous system

A

Responsible for voluntary movements

Specifically the somatic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cardio respiratory system

A

Consist of the circulatory system and respiratory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Circulatory system

A

Consist of the heart , arteries and veins which act as a transport system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Respiratory system

A

Consist of the lungs and air passage ways

Supply oxygen to the body
Remove carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Digestive system

A

Responsible for breaking down food and eliminating waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Endocrine system

A

Releases hormones

Responsible for metabolic activities such as growth hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Growth hormone

A

Produced by the pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Skeletal system

A

Made up of bones and joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Five main category of bones

A 
Flat bones
Short bones 
Long bones 
Sesamoid bones 
Irregular bones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ligaments

A

Connective tissue that connect bone to bone to form joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Joints

A

The points where two bones connect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Synovial joints

A

Allow movement

Most important to fitness trainers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Synovial joints

A

Broken down into six categories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

6 categories of the synovial joints

A 
Gliding
Condyloidal
Ball and socket 
Hinge 
Saddle 
Pívot
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Example of gliding joint
Tarsals of the foot
26
Example of Condyloidal joint
Wrist between the radius and the carpal bones
27
Example of the ball and socket joint
Shoulder and hip
28
Example of hinge joint
Elbow , ankle , and knee
29
Example of saddle joint
Thumb
30
Example of pívot joint
Pivotal radius at the radioulnar joint
31
3 types Muscular system
Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle Skeletal muscle
32
Cardiac muscle
Striated and involuntary | Makes up the wall of the heart
33
Smooth muscle
Smooth and involuntary | Found in other organs like those in the digestive system
34
Skeletal muscle
Striated , voluntary and fatigue easily Attaches to bone Responsible for all movement
35
Muscles
Made up of sacromeres
36
Sacromere
Structural unit of myofibril ( muscle fiber)
37
Myofibrils
Have overlapping strands of protein polymers called actin (thin) and myosin ( thick ).
38
What causes a muscle contraction
Electrical trigger stimulates the release of calcium which binds to actin. Allowing the interaction with the other contractile protein , myosin . Myosin pulls the actin and causes shortening in the muscle which leads to a muscle contraction
39
How do muscles connect ?
Via tendons, at the origin and insertion
40
Origin
The proximal attachment ( closer to the midfle of the body line )
41
Insertion
The distal attachment ( father from the midline )
42
Action
Specific movements that each muscle is responsible for
43
Innervation
Specific distribution of nerves to a prticutprt of the body . The arrangement of fibers or direction they run , will help you learn the direction they pull to produce movement
44
Types of muscle fibera
``` Parallel Fusiform Triangular Unipennate Bipennate Multipennat ```
45
Parralel MF
Run parallel To longitudinal axis of muscle, stylohyoid known as neck muscle
46
Fusi form MF
Run parallel to longitudinal access of muscle, known as the biceps brachii
47
Triangular MF
Spread over broad area pectoralis
48
UniPennate
Arrangement is only on one side of tendon, flexor pollicis longus
49
Bipennate
Arrangement on both sides of tennis, Soleus
50
Multipennate
Fibers are arranged obliquely or diagonal have several attachments known as deltoid
51
Two types of muscles
Type one slow twitch fibers and aerobic ( good for endurance) Type too fast twitch and anaerobic (good for power)
52
What type of contractions does a muscle Produce?
Concentric eccentric isometric
53
What does eccentric contraction produce
Lengthens muscle to allow movement
54
What does concentric contraction produce
Muscle shortens to produce movement
55
What does isometric contraction do
Joint angle and muscle length do not change during isometric movement . some muscles will cross one or more joints
56
Muscles are classified according to what they do during movement
Three classifications of muscle movement are agonist, assistant, antagonist.
57
Agonist classification
Main muscle responsible for movement prime mover example | Biceps Breaky during bicep curl
58
Assistant muscle
Muscle that plays a secondary role in movement example shoulders during a chest press
59
Antagonist muscle
Muscle with an action directly opposite of the antagonist example triceps during elbow flexion of bicep curl
60
Sustained force movement
Where continuous muscle contraction occurs in order to keep moving a weight
61
Dynamic balance movement
Where constant agonist and antagonist muscles contractions Occur in order to maintain a certain position or posture
62
Ballistic movement
Where inertia movement exist after an explosive or quick maximum force contraction
63
Guided movement
Occurs when both Agnes and the antagonist contract to control movement
64
KINESTHESIS
Receptors in joints muscles and tendons that help you know where your body is in space
65
Golgi tendon organs
One of the receptors in KINESTHESIS, located at the junction of the muscle and tendon, respond to mechanical stress such as pressure. Sense excessive stretch to protect the muscle
66
Muscle spindles
Sensory receptors within the belly that detect changes in the length of muscle. Responsible for fine movement
67
Bio mechanics
The specific study of movement
68
Biomechanics
Study of stability, force, angle of muscle pool, work, power
69
Stability
The ability to maintain a balance state
70
Force
Interaction that creates work action physical change it is broken down into magnet direction application line of force and exhibit it into push and pull type of motion
71
Angle of muscle pull
The angle at which a muscle pulls relative to the long access of the bone on which it pulls
72
Work
What happens when a force is applied to an object Define by equation W= f x D W=work F =force D =distance or displacement of an object being moved
73
Power
The work done in a unit of time
74
Newtons law of motion
Three laws of motion wish contribute key principles of biomechanics
75
Newtons first law
Object stays at rest or moved unless compelled to do otherwise by outside force
76
Newton second law
Deals with force and its relationship to mass and acceleration
77
Newtons third law
States that objects in contact exert equal and opposite forces on each other
78
Force is the interaction that creates work or physical change its components are
Magnitude direction points of application line of action
79
Thermodynamics
Branch of signs concerned with heat and energy and their conversions
80
Law of thermodynamics
Energy is never created nor destroyed it is transferred between entities
81
Eccentric
Type of contraction that occurs as Muscle is lengthening
82
Example of eccentric muscle contraction
During downward motion of bicep curl the bicep brakey is eccentricly contraction when appliance temple training this part of the movement which should be the focus therefore the slowest portion of repetition
83
Concentric
Type of contraction that occurs as a muscle is shortening
84
Example of concentric contraction
Depressing motion of bench press the pectorals is concentrically contracting
85
Isometric contraction
Contraction that exhibit strength but the limbs do not
86
Example of isometric contraction
Performing a plank
87
Lever is a rigid bar that runs about on its axis of rotation called the fulcrum
 Example seesaw
88
First class lever
Fulcrum between the force and resistance
89
Second class lever
Weight and resistance is between the fulcrum and application of force example wheel barrow
90
Third class lever
Force is between fulcrum and resistance example shovel

ISSA FAST TRACK PERSONAL TRAINER (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions