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Vet Nursing Chapter > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Loss of appetite can be a sign of what?

A
  • mouth ulcers
  • nasal congestion (impaired olfactory function)
  • infectious diseases and pyrexia
  • metabolic diseases
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2
Q

What symptoms does a voracious appetite with weight loss mean?

A

Pancreatic insufficiency or worms

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3
Q

What does pica mean?

A

Craving for un natural food stuffs which may be due to dietary in balance

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4
Q

What does coprophagia mean?

A

The eating of faeces

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5
Q

Polyuria means?

A

Increased urinary production

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6
Q

Polydipsia means?

A

Increased thirst

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7
Q

What can the symptoms of polyuria and polydipsia be due to?

A

Nephritis
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes insipidus
Pyometra

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8
Q

Dysuria means?

A

Difficult in passing urine

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9
Q

Anuria means?

A

Total inability to pass urine

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10
Q

Haematuria means?

A

Presence of blood in the urine

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11
Q

Changes in urine can emergency situations and can be caused by?

A

Cystic calculi
Feline urological syndrome
Prostatic enlargement

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12
Q

Constipation means?

A

Failure to evacuate faeces

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13
Q

Constipation can be caused by?

A 
Ingestion of foreign material (poison)
Tumours 
Environmental factors 
Enlargement of the prostate gland
Dehydration 
Key Gaskell syndrome in cats
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14
Q

Diarrhoea means?

A

The frequent evacuation of watery faeces from the bowel

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15
Q

Diarrhoea can be caused by?

A 
Canine parvovirus 
Bacterial infection (lepto) 
Distemper
Feline panleucopenia
Colitis 
Tumours of the intestines 
Intussusception 
Endoparasites 
Unsuitable diet 
Ingestion of placenta after bitch giving birth
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16
Q

Vomiting means?

A

Emission from the mouth of stomach contents

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17
Q

Vomiting can be caused by?

A 
Ingestion of foreign material (poisons) 
Diabetes mellitus 
Nephritis 
Pancreatitis 
Pyometra 
Foreign bodies 
Endoparasites 
Viral infection (parvovirus)
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18
Q

Vomited should be examined for?

A

Volume
Blood
Mucus
Evidence of poisons

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19
Q

Vomited can be related to?

A

Feeding patterns

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20
Q

Projectile vomit?

A

Forceful vomiting without retching

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21
Q

Regurgitation?

A

Backflow of food from the oesophagus

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22
Q

Stercoraceous vomit?

A

Vomit contains faeces

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23
Q

Haematemesis vomit?

A

Vomit containing blood

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24
Q

Bilious vomit?

A

Vomit containing bile

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25
Q

Cyclic vomiting?

A

Recurring acts of vomiting

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26
Q

Retching?

A

Ineffectual attempts to vomit

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27
Q

Nasal discharge is often accompanied by?

A

Sneezing

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28
Q

Nasal discharge can be caused by?

A

Foreign bodies
Distemper
Feline calicivirus
Feline viral rhinotracheitis

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29
Q

Aural discharge is often accompanied by?

A

Head shaking and more common in long eared breeds

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30
Q

Aural discharge may be caused by?

A

Foreign bodies
Ear mites
Infection

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31
Q

To check the ears you use a?

A

Auroscope

32
Q

Ocular discharge may be noticed by?

A

Pawing at the face and rubbing head

33
Q

Ocular discharge can be caused by?

A

Distemper
Feline upper respiratory tract infection
Foreign body
Abnormal eyelid and eyelash structure

34
Q

Coughing can be caused by?

A 
Congestive heart failure 
Roundworm
Kennel cough
Bronchitis
Distemper
Inhalation of chemicals or irritants
35
Q

Pale mucous membranes means?

A

Haemorrhage
Anaemia
Circulatory collapse

36
Q

Blue tinged mucous membranes (cyanosis) means?

A

Respiratory obstruction

37
Q

Yellow icterus mucous membranes?

A

Liver disease

Leptospirosis

38
Q

Sign of restlessness are?

A 
Panting 
Whining 
Pacing 
Scratching at bedding
Barking 
Can’t settle
39
Q

Restlessness can be caused by?

A 
Pain or discomfort 
Excess heat or cold 
Need to toilet
Hunger or thirst 
Lonely or bored 
Dressing too tight
40
Q

Temperature of a dog is?

A

38.3-38.7

41
Q

Temperature of a cat is?

A

38.0-38.5

42
Q

Pulse of a dog?

A

60-180 beats per minute

43
Q

Pulse of cat?

A

110-180 beats per minute

44
Q

Respiration of a dog?

A

10-30 breaths per minute

45
Q

Respiratory rate of a cat?

A

20-30 beats per minute

46
Q

Pyrexia high body temperature can be caused by?

A 
Infection 
Heat stroke
Convulsions 
Pain 
Excitement
47
Q

Low body temperature can be caused by?

A

Shock
Circulatory collapse
Impending parturition

48
Q

Fluctuating temperature is known as?

A

Diphasic

49
Q

A pulse rate can be taken anywhere where?

A

An artery runs close to the body

50
Q

Easy pulse corresponds with which side of the heart?

A

Left

51
Q

The pulse can be taken?

A

Femoral artery
Digital artery
Coccygeal artery
Lingual artery

52
Q

Normal pulse rate is called?

A

Sinus arrhythmia

53
Q

Abnormal pulse rate is called?

A

Dysrhythmia

54
Q

Raised abnormal pulse causes?

A 
Fever 
Exercise 
Hypoxia 
Pain
Fear
55
Q

Lowered abnormal pulse rate can be caused by?

A

Unconscious
Anaesthesia
Debilitating disease
Sleep

56
Q

Weak pulse can be caused by?

A

Shock

Diminished cardiac output

57
Q

Strong and jerky pulse can be caused by?

A

Valvular insufficiency

Congenital heart defect

58
Q

Tachypnoea increased respiratory rate can be caused by?

A

Heat
Exercise
Pain
Poisons

59
Q

Bradypnoea decreased respiratory rate caused by?

A

Poisons
Metabolic alkalosis
Sleep

60
Q

Dyspnoea can be caused by?

A 
Obstruction 
Bronchitis 
Pleural adhesions 
Pneumonia 
Pneumothorax 
Hydrothorax 
Pyothorax
61
Q

Cheyne stokes respiration occurs when?

A

Shortly before death

62
Q

Respiratory rate should be taken when?

A

When at rest but not sleeping or panting

63
Q

All patients have a basic requirement of?

A 
Nutrition 
Warmth
Comfort 
Hygiene 
Mental stimulation
64
Q

What food should be fed to a in patient?

A

Palatable and high energy during recovery

65
Q

Various ways of encouraging patients to eat are?

A

Placing food on nose and paws
Spoon feeding
Syringe feeding
Tubing

66
Q

What temperature of the hospital is recommended?

A

18-20c

67
Q

How can additional warmth be added?

A 
Blankets and towels 
Vetbeds 
Heat lamps 
Hot water bottle 
Heat pads 
Incubators
68
Q

A recumbent patient should be turned every?

A

2-4 hours

69
Q

Emetics are used too?

A

Empty the stomach contents

70
Q

Reasons for bandaging?

A

Support
Protection
Pressure
Immobilisation

71
Q

If the patient is trying to get the dressing off you should?

A 
Discipline 
Collar 
Muzzle 
Foul tasting substance
Sedation
72
Q

Medication can be given?

A

Orally
Rectally
Parenterally
Topically

73
Q

When choosing the route of medication you have to take into consideration?

A

Pharmacological properties
Rate of absorption
The patient
Convenience for administrator

74
Q

Advantages of oral medications?

A

Least painful
Easily administered
Least risk of infection

75
Q

Disadvantages of oral medication?

A 
Possible aspiration 
Variable rate of absorption 
May cause irritation or vomiting
Patients may not tolerate administration 
Difficult to ensure correct dosage

Vet Nursing Chapter (1 decks)

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