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Intro to Sociology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

systematically study and analyze the various elements that constitute a society’s structure and the relationship among these elements”

A

Goal of Sociolgy

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2
Q

Neither the life of an individual nor the history of a society can be understood without understanding both.

A

Sociological Imagination

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3
Q

Certain behaviours are determined by our biology” instinctive & therefor can’t change

A

Biological Determinism

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4
Q

Inborn complex pattern of behavior that must normally exist in every member of the species”

A

Instinct

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5
Q

Genes influence environment & environment influences genes

A

Nature and nurture

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6
Q

Complete way of life shared by people, including both material and non-material elements.”

A

Culture

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7
Q

Based on Culture definition, what do materials mean?

A

Church or mosque

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8
Q

Based on Culture definition, what does Cognitive mean?

A

Knowledge & Beliefs

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9
Q

Based on Culture definition, what does Symbolic mean?

A

Verbal and non-verbal forms of communication”

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10
Q

Based on Culture definition, what does Normative mean?

A

Values; behavioural expectations)

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11
Q

4 main characteristics of Culture:

A

1- Learned
2- Shared
3- Integrated
4-Socialization

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12
Q

Learning process over time; generation-to-generation; patterns of traditions, beliefs & values .. definition of?

A

Socialization

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13
Q

Tendency to see the world in terms of our own culture” (

A

Ethnocentrism

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14
Q

The way humans get the things they need for survival – their food, clothing, and shelter – must be central to how they organize their societies and construct their cultures.”

A

Mode of Production

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15
Q

Transition from foraging & gathering to domesticated plants & animals

A

Neolithic Revolution

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16
Q

Involves the ways in which people in particular social groups can force people in other social groups to act in certain ways”

A

Control or Influence

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17
Q

4 Expressions of Power:

A

Power Over
Power To
Power With
Power Within

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18
Q 
What period of century is this?
Before written history - 
Before 3000 BCE
Art (cave paintings...)
Neolithic Revolution – farming & domesticated animals
A

Prehistoric

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19
Q

What period of century is this?

Invention of writing
Fall of the Roman Empire
3000 BCE – 400 CE•
*Western philosophy (Greeks)

A

Ancient

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20
Q

What period of century is this?
Emergence of the Christian church (Pope) & creation of Islam
400 CE – 1400 CE
Feudalism – “system of private ownership”
class of owners = nobility & producing class = peasants

A

Middle Ages

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21
Q

What period of century is this?
Humanism – focus on human knowledge
1400 - 1600
Creation of printing press

A

Renaissance

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22
Q

What period of century is this?

Science revolution
1600-1800 [1700 = Enlightenment]
Middle class

A

Early Modern

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23
Q

What period of century is this?

Capitalism
After 1800
Violence [20th century = most violent in history

A

Modern

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24
Q

What period of century is this?

capitalism; urbanization; technology; secularism; optimism

A

Modernism ~1850-1960

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25
Q

What are the main features of Modern Society?

A
  • Capitalism
  • Urbanization
  • Technology
  • Secularism
  • Optimism
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26
Q

True or False, Economic System – increasing money (capital) & private ownership?

A

True

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27
Q

True or False, dominant Groups = take surplus (often using force)

A

True

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28
Q

as [in Europe at the beginning of the sixteenth century] that capitalism introduced the idea of using scarcity as a deliberative tool of economic organization. By intentionally creating ____

A

scarcity

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29
Q

Sum total of the worker’s physical and mental capacities that go into a particular work task

A

Labour power

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30
Q

Many buyers & sellers influencing price

A

Free enterprise

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31
Q

Multiple producers of the same product which exceeds the demand/buyers (leftover often sold at a loss).

A

Crisis of Overproduction

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32
Q

Shift from product to finances (paper economy)

A

Financialization

33
Q

_______ is the measure of a person’s work experience and of an individual’s or family’s economic and social position in relation to others, based on income, education, and occupation.

A

socioeconomic Status

34
Q

Weber – 3 Dimensions of Inequality:

A

1- Class Inequality (SES; “life chances”)
2- Status Inequality (social prestige)
3- power Inequality (ability to influence / politically)

35
Q

Control that the ruling class has over a society’s belief system”

A

Hegemony

36
Q

Dominant ideology of capitalism:

A

Liberalism

37
Q

A body of assumptions, ideas, and values that combine into a coherent world-view

A

Ideology

38
Q

2 key to change Capitalism

A

1- Few Owners

2- Globalization of Capital

39
Q

Introduction of machinery
Focus on mass production
Complexity of labour division

A

Fordism

40
Q

Lean production (reduced employees; precarious employment; management using stress/fear for productivity

A

Post-Fordism

41
Q

Average Canadian = min. less with family in 2005 (1986)

1993-2009 > people died (work-related causes)

A

45 min

15,000

42
Q

Separation of worker from labour by Marx
Job stress
Lack of control
are called?

A

Alienation

43
Q

Mechanical solidarity (shared values & social bonds)

Organic solidarity (work together – like organs)

Importance of social connectedness (individual health; suicide) was founded by?

A

Émile Durkheim

44
Q

Gemeinschaft (مجتمع/community) : community by social bond (family & friends)

Gesellschaftt (society) :community by association (large urban centers)

was founded by?

A

Tönnies

45
Q

______ institutional and organizational apparatus through which social power is exercised and decisions impacting society generally are made

A

State

46
Q

______ particular assemblage of people who are formally in control of the apparatus of the state for a limited period of time”

A

Government

47
Q

______ is the participations & influence of the people

A

Democracy

48
Q

Notes from the video Naomi KleinDemocracy – The State - ShocK
There are 5 steps of tactics resistance or exploit crisis:

A 
1- Know whats coming
2- Get out of you home & defy the bans
3- Know your history
4- Always follow the money
5- Advance a bold counter-plan
49
Q

Public domain _____

Water, air, language, culture, community….

A

The Commons

50
Q

______ form of capitalism; notion that the State is responsible for its citizens & therefore is involved in “economic affairs”; increased social safety net.

A

Welfare State

51
Q

Neoliberalism focuses on:

A 
Profit
Free market competition 
Deregulation 
Privatization
Decline in democracy & civil rights
52
Q

What type of poverty

A

Absolute poverty = not meeting basic needs
cannot sustain life – minimum resources for life (food, water…)

Relative poverty = social exclusion from everyday activities/life

53
Q

difference between Wealth and Income

A 
Wealth = our assets 
Income = wages/salaries
54
Q

What are the top Canadian cities in child poverty?

A

1- Toronto
2- Montreal
3- Winnipeg
4- Hamilton

55
Q

Poverty rates range from as low as 5% in ______ to Plains to as high as 75.6% in _____

A

Hammonds

Eskasoni

56
Q

The Child poverty rate in ______ points to the extremely high poverty rates among indigenous children in Canada

A

Eskasoni

57
Q

Order Theories means ?

A

Functionalism

58
Q

What is … Changing overtime b/c globalization & overproduction & monopolization

A

Capitalism

59
Q

NOT focused on civil rights (profit; benefit business)

Taxation NOT progressive (focus on the I not the WE

A

Neoliberalism

60
Q

_____ group association based on “certain distinctive physical characteristics”

A

Race

61
Q

True or False? modern-day distinctions between people are more cultural than physical in race

A

True

62
Q

groups associated by cultural traits

A

Ethnicity

63
Q

is judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one’s own culture “Consider culture as ‘favorable’ “

A

Ethnocentrism

64
Q

same as Ethnocentrism but with hatred

A

ethnic Chauvinism

65
Q

hostility b/c Jewish origin

A

Anti-Semitism

66
Q

hostility b/c Muslim & religion Islam

A

Islamophobia

67
Q

hostility based on group membership

A

Prejudice

68
Q

“denial of equal treatment or opportunities

A

Discrimination

69
Q

Three types of Violence

A
  • Direct Violence:
  • Structural Violence
  • Cultural Violence
70
Q

Socially constructed categories of masculine and feminine

A

Gender

71
Q

Phsiological categories of male and female”

A

Sex

72
Q

Gender identity and gender expression matches your birth sex

A

CISgender

73
Q

According to Yee Won, we should not say he or she, and if you don’t know what gender they are, use their ___

A

name

74
Q

is a social system in which males hold primary power and predominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege and control of property.

A

Patriarchy

75
Q

lief in the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes, as well as the various social movements organized around this belief.”

A

Feminism

76
Q

What feminism wave was this?
19th century
Mostly white women – focus on securing vote

A

Wave 1

77
Q

What feminism wave was this?

Evolved from social movements (anti-war; civil rights; students)
Rejection of motherhood & traditional gender roles
Becoming a little more diverse…..
Gloria Steinem

A

Wave 2

78
Q

What feminism wave was this?

Radical Feminism
Diversity & recognition of silenced/missing voices
Marx foundation (role of structure)

A

Wave 3

Intro to Sociology (1 decks)

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