chapter 1 Flashcards
Theory
Provides the framework to describe data in a meaningful way
Personality
unique/relatively enduring internal and external aspects of a person’s character
Individualism
states that each individual is acting on his or her own, making their own choices, and to the extent they interact with the rest of the group, they interact as individuals.
Collectivism
views the group as the primary entity, with the individuals reflecting fundamental group practices, dynamics, and expectations.
Self-report method
answers questions about themselves
Behavioral Assessment
observer evaluates a person’s behavior in a given situation
Clinical Interviews
asks questions about: past/present life experiences, social/family relations, reasons for seeking psychological help
Rationalism
claims that there are significant ways in which our concepts and knowledge are gained independently of sense experience. Rationalism tends to use logical argument and thought experiments as a way of verifying and demonstrating knowledge.
Empiricism
claim that sense experience is the ultimate source of all our concepts and knowledge and seek to divide experience into small, measurable, verifiable components.
Id, Ego, Superego
ID: desires, impulses
EGO: balance between id/superego
SUPEREGO: nervous, social consequences
Psychosexual stages
oral(0-1), anal(1-3), phallic(3-6), latency(6-pub), genital(pub+)
Defense mechanisms
the ways the ego tricks itself. six of them are: regression, reaction formation, projection, rationalization, displacement, and denial
How does therapeutic change occur
bringing unconscious material into the conscious awareness
Why does the patient face away from the analyst?
if they feel judgement
Resistance
reveals particularly important unconscious conflicts
Transference
putting your emotions onto someone who is not the cause of said emotions
Countertransference
the emotional reaction of the analyst to the subject’s contribution
Erogenous zones
pleasure zones
Libido
psychic energy
Thanatos
personification of death in greek mythology
Repression
going back to a certain age (usually childhood) to avoid a traumatic event
Collective unconscious
the idea that we are born with memories from past lives
Personal unconscious
reservoir for material that was once conscious
Archetypes
images of universal experiences in the collective unconscious
Individuation
integration of all conscious and unconscious facets of personality
Opposition Principle
conflict between opposing processes required to generate psychic energy
Neurotic Needs and trends
needs: irrational defenses that become a permanent part of personality
trends: categories of behaviors/attitudes toward oneself/others that express a person’s needs
Feminine Psychology
revision of psychoanalysis. focuses on psychological issues relating to women
Womb Envy
penis envy is the male response to them actually being afraid/envious of the womb and its ability to create life
Flight from womanhood
feelings of inferiority lead women to deny their femininity
Psychosocial stages
Oral-sensory/0-1/trust v mistrust/hope
Muscular-anal/1-3/autonomy v doubt/will
Locomotor-genial/3-5/initiative v guilt/purpose
Latency/6-11/industriousness v inferiority/ competence
Adolescence/12-18/identity cohesion v role confusion/fidelity
Young adulthood/18-35/intimacy v isolation/love
Adulthood/35-55/generatively v stagnation/care
Maturity-oldage/55+/ego integrity v despair/wisdom
