Chapter 1

Question 1

What is Science?

Answer 1

Science consists of the scientific method and the body of knowledge about the natural world that have been learned using it. We refer to the basic findings learned through the scientific method as scientific facts

Question 2

Scientific facts

Answer 2

repeated observations that produce the same result every time

Question 3

Hypothesis

Answer 3

proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation. TESTABLE

Question 4

Model

Answer 4

a design used to classify and organize information; a means for understanding nature. A model is our best approximation of reality for the purpose of understanding some aspect of the component or feature of reality that we’re investigating. (Models summarize some aspect of what is being studied in a simplified fashion.)

Question 5

Variable

Answer 5

any factor, or parameter, that changes during an experiment

Question 6

Matter

Answer 6

stuff that makes up all material things. It is anything that occupies space and has mass.

Question 7

Mass

Answer 7

measure of the quantity of matter that an object contains

Question 8

Paradigm

Answer 8

master theories of science

Question 9

theory

Answer 9

a tentative and predictive idea based around an observation and conducted experiment

Question 10

pure substance vs mixture

Answer 10

a definite composition, either an element or a compound with a FIXED RATIO ( A chemical formula can always be written for this)

Question 11

pure substance vs mixture

Answer 11

Pure substance has a definite composition, either an element or a compound with a FIXED RATIO ( A chemical formula can always be written for this). A mixture is two or more pure substances combined with one another

Question 12

homogeneous vs heterogeneous

Answer 12

a homogeneous mixture has a smooth surface (known as a solution, an example being a glass window) a heterogeneous has visible boundaries where one component stops and another begins, ex granite rock.

Question 13

element

Answer 13

any substance composed of only ONE KIND OF ATOM

Question 14

chemical compound

Answer 14

made u[p of atoms of TWO OR MORE ELEMENTS in a FIXED RATIO

Question 15

atom

Answer 15

smallest possible unit of matter. Cannot be broken down

Question 16

molecule

Answer 16

group of atoms chemically combined

Question 17

SI unit

Answer 17

this is how science deals with enormous numbers, as all units if measurement have a base unit and each unit is a multiple of that base

Question 18

significant figures

Answer 18

limit the number of figures in an answer to the fewest found in the measured values in the calculation.

Question 19

Kelvin to Celsius

Answer 19

K=C+273.15 / C=K-273.15

Question 20

Celsius to Fahrenheit

Answer 20

C=5/9 * (F-32) / F=9/5*(C+32)

Question 21

Formula for density

Answer 21

d = m/v

Question 22

chemophobia

Answer 22

fear of chemicals

Question 23

phase

Answer 23

another name for a physical change

Question 24

physical vs chemical change

Answer 24

physical change is a process that alters a substance without changing it into some other substance where as a chemical change is the result in the breakdown of a pure substance into one or more other pure substances, or the formation of a new substance from two or more other substances

Question 25

three forms of matter

Answer 25

gas, solid liquid