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Histology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Tissue composition

A

Cells and their extracellular matrix

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2
Q

the primary tissue types

A

epitherlial, connective, muscle, nervous

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3
Q

secondary tissue types of epithelial tissue

A
  1. simple squamous
  2. simple columnar
  3. simple cuboidal
  4. transitional
  5. stratified squamous
  6. stratified cuboidal
  7. stratified columnar
  8. psudostratified
  9. glandular
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4
Q

secondary tissue types of connective tissue

A
  1. connective tissue proper
  2. cartilage
  3. bone
  4. blood
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5
Q

secondary tissue types of muscle tissue

A
  1. skeletal
  2. cardiac
  3. smooth
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6
Q

secondary tissue types of nervous tissue

A
  1. neurons

2. neuroglial

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7
Q

Tertiary tissue types of cartilage (connective - cartilage - xxxxx)

A
  1. hyaline
  2. elastic
  3. fibro
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8
Q

three main types of sections (tissue sectioning)

A
  1. paraffin
  2. Resin
  3. Frozen
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9
Q

What is the most common type of sectioning in research

A

paraffin

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10
Q

paraffin sections involve ______ and takes between ___ and ___ hours to carryout

A

type of tissue sectioning: wax, 18-24 hours

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11
Q

when wax offers inadequate suppport this type of tissue sectioning is used

A

What is Resin Sections

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12
Q

The two types of resin sectioning

A
  1. Acrylic Resins

2. Epoxy Resins

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13
Q

What is Acrylic Resins

A

harder than paraffin wax and are used in cuting harder tissues such as fingernails and undecalcified bone and can use a wider range of stains

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14
Q

What is Epoxy Resins (harder than acrylic resins)

A

harder than __________ and are used in EM (electron microscopy) sections. special glass knives are used to make very thin cuts. Toluidine blue is often the staiin used in these cuts

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15
Q

what is Frozen section

A

used for urgent intra-op diagnosis. tissue is biopsied/excised sent on ice, snap frozen, cut with cryostat, stained, and diagnosis rendere`d and sent back to OR. takes between 15-30 minutes from biopsy to diagnosis

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16
Q

Wher is simple squamous found

A

Alveoli, glomeruli, capillaries of blood vessels, lining of blood, lymphatic vessels and heart

Functions: diffusion, filtration and lining (friction reducing)

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17
Q

Function and location of simple cuboidal

A

Secretion and absorption

Kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands and ovary surface

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18
Q

Simple columnar location and function

A

Non-ciliated type line digestive tract and gall bladder

Absorption mostly

Ciliated type line small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions of uterus

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19
Q

Location and function of glandular epithelium

A

Secretion into a duct

Salivary gland, pancreas, liver, prostate

20
Q

Location and function of transitional epithelium

A

Appearance (basal are cuboidal, surface are dome shaped)

Function: stretches to permit the distension of the organ

Location: lines urinary bladder, ureters, and part of the urethra

21
Q

Location and function of stratified squamous

A

Protection

Skin (keratinized)

Linings of the esophagus, mouth and vagina

22
Q

Stratified cuboidal location and function

A

Secretion

(Typically two cell layers thick)

Rare: found in some sweat and mammary glands

23
Q

Stratified columnar location and function

A

Secretion

Found in the pharynx, male urethra, lining of some glandular ducts, (transition areas between two other types of epithelium in oral cavity and esophagus)

24
Q

Hyaline location and matrix type

A

Soft matrix

Trachea, rib-sternum cartilage

25
Q

Elastic location and matrix type

A

Elastin matrix

Pinna of ears

26
Q

Fibrocartilage matrix and location

A

Collagen matrix

Intervertebral disc

27
Q

Bone matrix includes

A

Calcium, phosphorus and collagen

28
Q

Cananiculi

A

Small tubes in bone for nutrients to osteocytes

29
Q

Haversian canal

A

Central canal

30
Q

Blood contains what 4 things

A

RBCs
WBCs
Platelets
Plasma

31
Q

RBC’s other name and amount in blood and function

A

Erythrocytes
4.5-6 million/ml
Carry oxygen

32
Q

WBCs other name, amount in blood, and function

A

Leukocyte
4800-10800/ml
Fight infection

33
Q

Platelets other name, amount in blood and function

A

Thrombocytes
150,000-450,000/ml
Involved with blood clotting

34
Q

Plasma components/function

A

Carries dissolved gasses, hormones, nutrients and waste throughout the body

35
Q

Two types of Leukocytes

A

Granulocytes and Agranulocytes

36
Q

Types of granulocytes and percentage makeup of total leukocytes

A

50-70% neutrophils - body security and bacteria slayers

2-4% eosinophils - parasites and cleanup of allergic reaction

<1% basophils - contain histamine, involved with allergic reaction

37
Q

Types of agranulocytes and subtypes and percentage makeup of leukocytes

A

3-8% Monocytes - macrophage

25% lymphocytes -

T-Lymphocytes:
A: Cytotoxic - natural born killers
B: Memory - remembers the foreign substance
C: Suppressor - stops immune response of T cells

B-Lymphocytes: transform into plasma cells - produce antibodies specific to the invader

38
Q

Leukocyte infection level in blood - bacteria or viral

A 
12,000-15,000/ml = viral
15,000+ = bacterial or bad virus
39
Q

Connective tissue proper subtypes

A

Dense: regular, irregular, elastic

Loose: areolar, adipose, reticular

40
Q

Neutrophils description and function and %

A

3 nuclei, light purple interior

Body security and bacteria slayers

50-70%

41
Q

Eosinophils description and function and %

A

Purple/orange, lots of little balls

Parasites and cleanup of allergic reaction

2-4%

42
Q

Basophils description, function and %

A

Blue/purple, one massive colored ball

Contain histamine, involved with allergic reaction

<1%

43
Q

Monocytes description, function and %

A

U shaped nucleus, some purple dots

Becomes a macrophage

3-8%

44
Q

Lymphocytes description, function and %

A

Huge nucleus, doesn’t take up the whole thing though, larger than basophils

Become T and B cells

25%

45
Q

Types and functions of T and B cells

A

B cells - become plasma cells - produce antibodies specific to the invader

T cells -
Cytotoxic - natural born killers (bounty hunter)
Memory - remembers the foreign substance
Suppressor - stops immune response of T cells

46
Q

Lamelle

A

The “tree” rings in the bone matrix

Histology (4 decks)

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