Chapter 1 Flashcards
Tissue composition
Cells and their extracellular matrix
the primary tissue types
epitherlial, connective, muscle, nervous
secondary tissue types of epithelial tissue
- simple squamous
- simple columnar
- simple cuboidal
- transitional
- stratified squamous
- stratified cuboidal
- stratified columnar
- psudostratified
- glandular
secondary tissue types of connective tissue
- connective tissue proper
- cartilage
- bone
- blood
secondary tissue types of muscle tissue
- skeletal
- cardiac
- smooth
secondary tissue types of nervous tissue
- neurons
2. neuroglial
Tertiary tissue types of cartilage (connective - cartilage - xxxxx)
- hyaline
- elastic
- fibro
three main types of sections (tissue sectioning)
- paraffin
- Resin
- Frozen
What is the most common type of sectioning in research
paraffin
paraffin sections involve ______ and takes between ___ and ___ hours to carryout
type of tissue sectioning: wax, 18-24 hours
when wax offers inadequate suppport this type of tissue sectioning is used
What is Resin Sections
The two types of resin sectioning
- Acrylic Resins
2. Epoxy Resins
What is Acrylic Resins
harder than paraffin wax and are used in cuting harder tissues such as fingernails and undecalcified bone and can use a wider range of stains
What is Epoxy Resins (harder than acrylic resins)
harder than __________ and are used in EM (electron microscopy) sections. special glass knives are used to make very thin cuts. Toluidine blue is often the staiin used in these cuts
what is Frozen section
used for urgent intra-op diagnosis. tissue is biopsied/excised sent on ice, snap frozen, cut with cryostat, stained, and diagnosis rendere`d and sent back to OR. takes between 15-30 minutes from biopsy to diagnosis
Wher is simple squamous found
Alveoli, glomeruli, capillaries of blood vessels, lining of blood, lymphatic vessels and heart
Functions: diffusion, filtration and lining (friction reducing)
Function and location of simple cuboidal
Secretion and absorption
Kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands and ovary surface
Simple columnar location and function
Non-ciliated type line digestive tract and gall bladder
Absorption mostly
Ciliated type line small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions of uterus
Location and function of glandular epithelium
Secretion into a duct
Salivary gland, pancreas, liver, prostate
Location and function of transitional epithelium
Appearance (basal are cuboidal, surface are dome shaped)
Function: stretches to permit the distension of the organ
Location: lines urinary bladder, ureters, and part of the urethra
Location and function of stratified squamous
Protection
Skin (keratinized)
Linings of the esophagus, mouth and vagina
Stratified cuboidal location and function
Secretion
(Typically two cell layers thick)
Rare: found in some sweat and mammary glands
Stratified columnar location and function
Secretion
Found in the pharynx, male urethra, lining of some glandular ducts, (transition areas between two other types of epithelium in oral cavity and esophagus)
Hyaline location and matrix type
Soft matrix
Trachea, rib-sternum cartilage
Elastic location and matrix type
Elastin matrix
Pinna of ears
Fibrocartilage matrix and location
Collagen matrix
Intervertebral disc
Bone matrix includes
Calcium, phosphorus and collagen
Cananiculi
Small tubes in bone for nutrients to osteocytes
Haversian canal
Central canal
Blood contains what 4 things
RBCs
WBCs
Platelets
Plasma
RBC’s other name and amount in blood and function
Erythrocytes
4.5-6 million/ml
Carry oxygen
WBCs other name, amount in blood, and function
Leukocyte
4800-10800/ml
Fight infection
Platelets other name, amount in blood and function
Thrombocytes
150,000-450,000/ml
Involved with blood clotting
Plasma components/function
Carries dissolved gasses, hormones, nutrients and waste throughout the body
Two types of Leukocytes
Granulocytes and Agranulocytes
Types of granulocytes and percentage makeup of total leukocytes
50-70% neutrophils - body security and bacteria slayers
2-4% eosinophils - parasites and cleanup of allergic reaction
<1% basophils - contain histamine, involved with allergic reaction
Types of agranulocytes and subtypes and percentage makeup of leukocytes
3-8% Monocytes - macrophage
25% lymphocytes -
T-Lymphocytes:
A: Cytotoxic - natural born killers
B: Memory - remembers the foreign substance
C: Suppressor - stops immune response of T cells
B-Lymphocytes: transform into plasma cells - produce antibodies specific to the invader
Leukocyte infection level in blood - bacteria or viral
12,000-15,000/ml = viral 15,000+ = bacterial or bad virus
Connective tissue proper subtypes
Dense: regular, irregular, elastic
Loose: areolar, adipose, reticular
Neutrophils description and function and %
3 nuclei, light purple interior
Body security and bacteria slayers
50-70%
Eosinophils description and function and %
Purple/orange, lots of little balls
Parasites and cleanup of allergic reaction
2-4%
Basophils description, function and %
Blue/purple, one massive colored ball
Contain histamine, involved with allergic reaction
<1%
Monocytes description, function and %
U shaped nucleus, some purple dots
Becomes a macrophage
3-8%
Lymphocytes description, function and %
Huge nucleus, doesn’t take up the whole thing though, larger than basophils
Become T and B cells
25%
Types and functions of T and B cells
B cells - become plasma cells - produce antibodies specific to the invader
T cells -
Cytotoxic - natural born killers (bounty hunter)
Memory - remembers the foreign substance
Suppressor - stops immune response of T cells
Lamelle
The “tree” rings in the bone matrix
