Chapter 1

Question 1

A functional relation means that

Answer 1

Specific changes in a dependent variable can be reliably produced by specific changes in an independent variable, and that the change in the dependent variable was unlikely to be the result of confounding variables.

Question 2

What is the primary method by which scientists determine the usefulness of their findings?

Answer 2

Replication

Question 3

What events are considered to mark the formal beginning of contemporary applied behavior analysis?

Answer 3

The publication of the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis in 1968 and the publication of “Some Current Dimensions of Applied Behavior Analysis” by Baer, Wolf, and Risley in 1968

Question 4

You are working with a client who engages in high frequency rumination, which involves regurgitating food and expelling or re-swallowing it. This behavior has serious medical implications evidenced, in part, by substantial weight loss. Fortunately, your program is successful and your client has re-gained all the lost weight. In fact, the medical condition of your client is stable and there are no current concerns. What characteristic of Applied Behavior Analysis is best represented by this example?

Answer 4

Effective

Question 5

Alfred has written a behavior plan to decrease Bruce’s aggression. He has provided a detailed set of procedures so that staff can correctly implement the program. In addition, he also included a table that explains the basic principles behind the procedures. What two characteristics of ABA are exemplified here?

Answer 5

Technological, Conceptually Systematic

Question 6

The domain of behavior analysis whose primary goal is the development of technology for improving socially significant behavior is:

Answer 6

Applied Behavior Analysis

Question 7

_____ refers to the idea that simple, logical explanations for the phenomena of interest be ruled out before more complicated ones are considered.

Answer 7

Parsimony

Question 8

The level of investigation that involves the collection of facts about observed events that can be quantified, classified, and examined for relations with other known facts is known as:

Answer 8

Description

Question 9

What level of scientific understanding can result in the discovery of functional relations and is also considered to be the highest level of scientific understanding?

Answer 9

Control

Question 10

A hypothetical variable that often takes the form of another name for the observed behavior is claims to explain and contributes nothing to a functional analysis is referred to as a:

Answer 10

Explanatory fiction

Question 11

According to Morris et al. (2005) what was Skinner’s most fundamental contribution to applied behavior analysis? (select all that apply)

Answer 11

Methodology and basic principles of operant behavior, Analysis of verbal behavior

Question 12

Morris et al. (2005) conclude that Skinner is the _____ of behavior analysis and the ____ of applied behavior analysis

Answer 12

Founder, father

Question 13

You are writing a task analysis for a client to make coffee. The plan includes details that make each step easy to understand and easy to follow. When tested by staff who have never made coffee, they were able to follow the task analysis and make coffee. Regarding the step-by-step details and precision, this plan is said to be:

Answer 13

Technological

Question 14

You develop a set of procedures to teach your client words in Portuguese. You arrange a set of conditions using a multiple baseline across three terms. Demonstrating that the procedures are responsible for the acquisition of these terms in Portuguese represents which characteristic of applied behavior analysis?

Answer 14

Analytical

Question 15

The experimental analysis of behavior is characterized by all of the following methodological features except:

Answer 15

Formal theory testing

Question 16

_____ is a type of behaviorism that considers behavioral events that cannot be publically observed to be outside the realm of science.

Answer 16

Methodological behaviorism

Question 17

The level of investigation that demonstrates correlations between events and is based on repeated observations is:

Answer 17

Prediction

Question 18

Alfred is working to increase a variety of skills with his client Bruce. Bruce has been prescribed Phenytoin (Dilantin) to decrease impulsive aggression and Alfred wants to evaluate effects of this drug. He therefore sets up a laboratory with a variety of lever pressing and chain pulling tasks. Alfred then proceeds to compare the effects of a variety of schedules of reinforcement on days in which Bruce has taken his medication with days in which he has not taken his medication. What characteristic of applied behavior analysis is not found in the description of this study?

Answer 18

Effective

Question 19

Who is the founder of the experimental analysis of behavior?

Answer 19

B.F. Skinner

Question 20

What are two common explanations given by parents and caregivers on why their children engage in problem behavior? Reinterpret those explanations through a radical behaviorist perspective.

Answer 20

Two common explanation given by parents include, he is cranky and then engages in problem behavior or that he is tired. These explanations through a radical behaviorist perspective would be that setting events like lack of sleep or hunger can lead to engaging in behavior problems such as tantruming- screaming and falling to the ground when demands are placed. Another example would be that The child engages in problem behavior when attention is removed he engages in throwing items and screaming.