Chapter 1

Question 1

what fields has genetics contributed to?

Answer 1

agriculture, medicine, pharmaceuticals, modern biology

Question 2

how has genetics impacted our relationships?

Answer 2

domestication of plants and animals, ancient medicine, theories of inheritance

Question 3

what are the three divisions of genetics?

Answer 3

transmission, molecular, population

Question 4

Which of the following human cells contains a gene that specifies hair color?

Answer 4

Almost all cell types in the body.

Question 5

types of prokaryotic cells

Answer 5

bacteria, archaea

Question 6

unique qualities of prokaryotic cells

Answer 6

No nucleus, Circular DNA, Small amount of DNA, No membrane-bound organelles

Question 7

types of Eukaryotic cells

Answer 7

Fungi, Plants, Animals

Question 8

unique qualities of eukaryotic cells

Answer 8

Nucleus, Linear DNA, Large amount of DNA, Membrane-bound organelles

Question 9

commonalities between eukaryotic and prokaryotic dna

Answer 9

plasma membrane, Ribosomes, DNA, cytoplasm

Question 10

cell reproduction

Answer 10

Copying of genetic material, Separation of the copies, Cell division

Question 11

prokaryotic reproduction

Answer 11

asexual

Question 12

Eukaryotic reproduction

Answer 12

mitosis, meiosis

Question 13

Eukaryotic chromosomes are

Answer 13

HOMOLOGOUS PAIRS, PLOIDY

Question 14

types of ploidy

Answer 14

Diploid, haploid, polyploid

Question 15

HOMOLOGOUS PAIRS

Answer 15

Alike in structure, size•Carry genetic information

Question 16

1. TELOMERE

Answer 16

-ends of linear chromosomes-stabilize

Question 17

2. CENTROMERE

Answer 17

-attachment points of microtubules -Kinetochore protein

Question 18

3. ORIGINS OF REPLICATION

Answer 18

2 identical copies of DNA -sister chromatids-held by common centromere

Question 19

Where does mitosis occur in eukaryotes?

Answer 19

5.Mitosis can occur in all tissues

Question 20

Genetic consequences of cell cycle

Answer 20

•Producing two cells that are genetically identical to each other and with the cell that gave rise to them.•Newly formed cells contain a full complement of chromosomes.•Each newly formed cell contains approximately half the cytoplasm and organelle content of the original parental cell.

Question 21

cell cycle

Answer 21

Question 22

interphase

Answer 22

Question 23

M phase/mitosis

Answer 23

Question 24

prophase

Answer 24

Question 25

Metaphase

Answer 25

Question 26

anaphase

Answer 26

Question 27

Telophase

Answer 27

Question 28

cytokinesis

Answer 28

Question 29

transmission genetics

Answer 29

the transfer of genetic information from genes to another generation (from parent to offspring), almost synonymous with heredity, or from one location in a cell to another.

Question 30

molecular genetics

Answer 30

the field of biology that studies the structure and function of genes at a molecular level and thus employs methods of both molecular biology and genetics. The study of chromosomes and gene expression of an organism can give insight into heredity, genetic variation, and mutations.

Question 31

population genetics

Answer 31

a subfield of genetics that deals with genetic differences within and betweenpopulations, and is a part of evolutionary biology. Studies in this branch of biology examine such phenomena as adaptation, speciation, and populationstructure.