chapter 1

Question 1

management

Answer 1

the planning, organizing, leading, and controlling of human and other resources to achieve organizational goals efficiently and effectively.

Question 2

organizational performance

Answer 2

A measure of how efficiently and effectively a manager uses resources to satisfy customers and achieve organizational goals.

Question 3

efficiency

Answer 3

A measure of how well or how productively resources are used to achieve a goal.

Question 4

organizations

Answer 4

Collections of people who work together and coordinate their actions to achieve a wide variety
of goals or desired future outcomes.

Question 5

effectiveness

Answer 5

A measure
of the appropriateness of the goals an organization is pursuing and the degree to which the organization achieves those goals.

Question 6

planning

Answer 6

Identifying and selecting appropriate goals; one of the four principal tasks of management.

Question 7

Controlling

Answer 7

Establish accurate measuring and monitoring systems to evaluate how well the organization has achieved its goals

Question 8

Leading

Answer 8

Motivate, coordinate, and energize individuals and groups to work together to achieve organizational goals

Question 9

Organizing

Answer 9

Establish task and authority relationships that allow people to work together to achieve organization goals

Question 10

organizational structure

Answer 10

A formal system of task and reporting relationships that coordinates and motivates organizational members so they work together to achieve organizational goals.

Question 11

department

Answer 11

A group of people who work together and possess similar skills or use the same knowledge, tools, or techniques to perform their jobs.

Question 12

first-line manager

Answer 12

A manager who is responsible for the daily supervision of nonmanagerial employees.

Question 13

middle manager

Answer 13

A manager who supervises firstline managers and is responsible for finding the best way to use resources to achieve organizational goals.

Question 14

top manager

Answer 14

A manager who establishes organizational goals, decides how departments should interact, and monitors the performance of middle managers.

Question 15

top management team

Answer 15

A group composed of the CEO, the COO, the president, and the heads of the most important departments.

Question 16

conceptual skills

Answer 16

The ability to analyze and diagnose

a situation and to distinguish between cause and effect.

Question 17

human skills

Answer 17

The ability to understand, alter, lead, and control the behavior of other individuals and groups

Question 18

technical skills

Answer 18

The jobspecific knowledge and techniques required to perform an organizational role.

Question 19

core competency

Answer 19

The specific set of departmental skills, knowledge, and experience that allows one organization to outperform another

Question 20

restructuring

Answer 20

Downsizing an organization by eliminating the jobs of large numbers of top, middle, and first-line managers and nonmanagerial employees.

Question 21

outsourcing

Answer 21

Contracting with another company, usually abroad, to have it perform an activity the organization previously performed itself.

Question 22

empowerment

Answer 22

The expansion of employees’ knowledge, tasks, and decisionmaking responsibilities.

Question 23

self-managed team

Answer 23

A group of employees who assume responsibility for organizing, controlling, and supervising their own activities and monitoring the quality of the goods and services they provide

Question 24

global organizations

Answer 24

Organizations that operate and compete in more than one country

Question 25

competitive advantage

Answer 25

The ability of one organization to outperform other organizations because it produces desired goods or services more efficiently and effectively than they do.

Question 26

innovation

Answer 26

The process

of creating new or improved goods and services or developing better ways to produce or provide them

Question 27

turnaround management

Answer 27

The creation of a new vision for a struggling company based on a new approach to planning and organizing to make better use of a company’s resources and allow it to survive and prosper

Question 28

organizational architecture

Answer 28

The organizational structure, control systems, culture, and human resource management systems that together determine how efficiently
and effectively organizational resources are used.

Question 29

organizational structure

Answer 29

A formal system of task and reporting relationships that coordinates and motivates organizational members so they work together to achieve an organization’s goals.

Question 30

organizational design

Answer 30

The process by which managers make specific organizing choices that result in a particular kind of organizational structure.

Question 31

job design

Answer 31

The process by which managers decide how to divide tasks into specific jobs.

Question 32

job simplification

Answer 32

The process of reducing the number of tasks that each worker performs.

Question 33

job enlargement

Answer 33

Increasing the number of different tasks in a given job by changing the division of labor.

Question 34

job enrichment

Answer 34

Increasing the degree of responsibility

a worker has over his or her job.

Question 35

functional structure

Answer 35

An organizational structure composed of all the departments that an organization requires to produce its goods or services.

Question 36

divisional structure

Answer 36

An organizational structure composed of separate business units within which are the functions that work together to produce a specific product for a specific customer.

Question 37

product structure

Answer 37

An organizational structure in which each product line or business is handled by a selfcontained division.

Question 38

geographic structure

Answer 38

An organizational structure in which each region of a country or area of the world is served by a selfcontained division.

Question 39

market structure

Answer 39

An organizational structure in which each kind of customer is served by a self-contained division; also called customer structure.

Question 40

matrix structure

Answer 40

An organizational structure that simultaneously groups people and resources by function and by product.

Question 41

cross-functional team

Answer 41

A group of managers brought together from different departments to perform organizational tasks.

Question 42

product team structure

Answer 42

An organizational structure in which employees are permanently assigned to a crossfunctional team and report only to the product team manager or to one of his or her direct subordinates.

Question 43

authority

Answer 43

The power to hold people accountable for their actions and to make decisions concerning the use of organizational resources.

Question 44

hierarchy of authority

Answer 44

An organization’s chain of command, specifying the relative authority of each manager.

Question 45

span of control

Answer 45

The number of subordinates who report directly to a manager.

Question 46

line manager

Answer 46

Someone in the direct line or chain of command who has formal authority over people and resources at lower levels.

Question 47

staff manager

Answer 47

Someone responsible for managing a specialist function, such as finance or marketing.

Question 48

decentralizing authority

Answer 48

Giving lower-level managers and nonmanagerial employees the right to make important decisions about how to use organizational resources.

Question 49

integrating mechanisms

Answer 49

Organizing tools that managers can use to increase communication and coordination among functions and divisions

Question 50

task force

Answer 50

A committee of managers from various functions or divisions who meet to solve a specific, mutual problem; also called ad hoc committee.

Question 51

organizational culture

Answer 51

The shared set of beliefs, expectations, values, and norms that influence how members of an organization relate to one another and cooperate to achieve the organization’s goals

Question 52

organizational ethics

Answer 52

The moral values, beliefs, and rules that establish the appropriate way for an organization and its members to deal with each other and with people outside the organization.