chapter 1

Question 1

individual

Answer 1

objects described by a set of data. individuals may be people, animals, and things.

Question 2

variable

Answer 2

any characteristic of an individual. A variable can take different values for different individuals

Question 3

categorical variable

Answer 3

variable that places an individual into one of several groups or categories

Question 4

quantitive variable

Answer 4

variable that takes numerical values for which it make sense to find an average

Question 5

distribution

Answer 5

tells what values a variable takes and how often it takes these values

Question 6

marginal distribution

Answer 6

The distribution of one of the categorical variables in a two way table of counts among all individuals described by the table

Question 7

conditional distribution

Answer 7

The values of one variable among individuals who have a specific value of another variable. there is a separate conditional distribution for each value of the other variable

Question 8

Association

Answer 8

knowing the value of one variable helps predict the value of the other. If you knowing the value of one variable does not help predict the value of the other there is no association between the variables

Question 9

SOCS

Answer 9

shape
outliers
center
spread

Question 10

skewed left

Answer 10

tail goes to the left. left foot

Question 11

skewed right

Answer 11

tail goes to the right. right foot

Question 12

symmetric

Answer 12

A graph in which the right and left sides are approximately mirror images of each other

Question 13

mean

Answer 13

the average

Question 14

median

Answer 14

the middle

Question 15

IQR

Answer 15

interquartile range

Q3-Q1

Question 16

statistic

Answer 16

Number that describes some characteristic of a sample

Question 17

Standard deviation

Answer 17

statistic that measures the typical distance of the values in a distribution from the mean. It is calculated by finding an average of the squared distances and then taking the square root in symbols

Question 18

variance

Answer 18

“average” squared deviation of the observations in a data set from there mean. In symbols