Chapter 1

Question 1

Science

Answer 1

Organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world; also, the body of knowledge that scientist have built up after years of using this process

Question 2

Observation

Answer 2

Use of one or more of the senses- sights, hearing, touch, smell, and sometimes taste– to gather information

Question 3

Data

Answer 3

Evidence; information gathered from observations

Question 4

Inference

Answer 4

Logical interpretation based on prior knowledge and experiences

Question 5

Hypothesis

Answer 5

Possible explanation for a set of observations or possible answers to a scientific question

Question 6

Spontaneous generation

Answer 6

Hypothesis (disproven) stating that life could arise from nonliving matter

Question 7

Controlled experiment

Answer 7

A test of the effect of a single variable by changing it while keeping all other variables the same

Question 8

Independent variable

Answer 8

Factor in an experiment that a scientist purposely changes; also known as a manipulated variable

Question 9

Dependent variable

Answer 9

Factor in an experiment that a scientist wants to observe, which may change because of the manipulated variable; also known as a responding variable

Question 10

Theory

Answer 10

Well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations

Question 11

Biology

Answer 11

Science that seeks to understand the living world

Question 12

Cell

Answer 12

Collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life

Question 13

Sexual reproduction

Answer 13

Process by which cells from two different parents unite to produce the first cell of a new organism

Question 14

Asexual reproduction

Answer 14

Process by which a single parent reproduces by itself

Question 15

Metabolism

Answer 15

Set of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life process

Question 16

Stimulus

Answer 16

A signal to which an organism responds

Question 17

Homeostasis

Answer 17

Process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment

Question 18

Evolution

Answer 18

Changes in a kind of organisms over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms

Question 19

Metric system

Answer 19

Decimal system of measurement based on certain physical standards and scaled on multiples of 10

Question 20

Microscope

Answer 20

Device that produces magnified images of structures that are too small to see with the unaided eye

Question 21

Compound light microscope

Answer 21

Microscope that allows light to pass through a specimen and uses two lenses to form an image

Question 22

Electron microscope

Answer 22

Microscope that forms image by focusing beams of electrons onto the specimen

Question 23

Cell culture

Answer 23

Group of cells grown in a nutrient solution from a single original cell