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Intro to Psy 113 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Psychology

A

Discipline concerned with the study of behaviour and mental process

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2
Q

Empirical

A

Evidence gathered by a careful observation, experiment, and measurment

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3
Q

Beliefe Perseverance

A

Tendency to stick to our beliefs when evidence is contradictory

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4
Q

Critical thinking

A

Ability and willingness to assess claims and make objective judgements

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5
Q

Phernology

A

Discredited theory that different brain areas account for specific personality traits

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6
Q

Structuralism

A

Approach that emphasized the analysis of immediate experience into basic elements

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7
Q

Functionalism

A

Approach that emphasized the function or purpose of behaviour and consciousness

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8
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Theory of personality and a method psychotherapy

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9
Q

Biological Perspective

A

Approach that emphasizes how bodily events affect behaviour, feelings, and thoughts

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10
Q

Learning Perspective

A

Approach that is concerned with how the environment and experience affects a person’s (or animal’s) actionas

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11
Q

Behaviourism

A

How environmental rewards and punishments affect behaviour

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12
Q

Social-cognitive learning theories

A

Combine elements of behaviourism with thoughts, values, expectations, and intentions

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13
Q

Cognitive Perspective

A

Approach that emphasizes mental process in perception, memory, language, problem solving, and reasoning

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14
Q

Socio-cultural Perspective

A

Approach the emphasizes social influences on behaviour

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15
Q

Psychodynamic Perspective

A

Approach that emphasizes unconscious dynamics within the individual, such as inner forces, conflicts, or instinctual energy

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16
Q

Humanist Psychology

A

Approach that emphasizes personal growth and the achievement of human potential

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17
Q

Feminist Psychology

A

Approach that analyzes the influence of social inequalities on gender relations and on the behaviour of the two sexes

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18
Q

Theory

A

Organized system of assumptions and principles that aim to explain human behviour

19
Q

Hypothesis

A

Prediction between variables (Educated guess)

20
Q

Operational Definition

A

Define terms in hypothesis by specifying how they are defined and measured

21
Q

Two main parts of the nervous system

A

Central nervous system and Peripheral nervous system

22
Q

Sensory Nerves (afferent neurons)

A

Carry messages via receptors

23
Q

Motor Nerves (efferent neurons)

A

Carry orders from central nervous system

24
Q

2 subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system

A

Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

25
Q

Gila

A

cells that support, nurture and support the neurons

26
Q

Dendrites

A

Branch-like fibres that receive information from other neurons and transmit them towards the body

27
Q

Axon

A

extending fibres that conducts impulses away from the cell body

28
Q

Myelin sheath

A

speeds conduction of neural impulses and prevent interference from neighbouring signals

29
Q

Hormones

A

Regulate growth, metabolism, sexual development and behaviour

30
Q

Major Hormones

A

Melatonin, Oxytocin, Adrenal hormones and Sex hormones

31
Q

Melatonin

A

regulates daily biological rhythms and sleep

32
Q

Oxytocin

A

Childbirth contractions and milk ejection

33
Q

Adrenal hormones

A

emotion, stress

34
Q

Sex Hormones

A

Androgens and estrogens

35
Q

Brainstem

A

Medulla, Pons, Reticular activating system

36
Q

Medulla

A

Responsible for automatic functions such as breathing and heart rate

37
Q

Pons

A

Involved sleeping, waking and dreaming

38
Q

Reticular activating system

A

Extends from brainstem; arouses cortex and screens incoming information

39
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • regulates movement and balance
  • involved in learning certain kinds of simple skills and acquired reflexes
  • role in complex cognitive tasks
40
Q

Thalamus

A

Brain structure that relays sensory messages to the cerebral cortex like sensory messages except those from olfactory bulb

41
Q

Hypothalamus

A

involves emotions and drives vital to survival like fear and hunger

42
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Endocrine gland and base of brain that releases many hormones and regulates other endocrine glands

43
Q

2 parts of the Limbic system

A

Anygdala and Hipp

Intro to Psy 113 (1 decks)

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