Chapter 1

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

Discipline concerned with the study of behaviour and mental process

Question 2

Empirical

Answer 2

Evidence gathered by a careful observation, experiment, and measurment

Question 3

Beliefe Perseverance

Answer 3

Tendency to stick to our beliefs when evidence is contradictory

Question 4

Critical thinking

Answer 4

Ability and willingness to assess claims and make objective judgements

Question 5

Phernology

Answer 5

Discredited theory that different brain areas account for specific personality traits

Question 6

Structuralism

Answer 6

Approach that emphasized the analysis of immediate experience into basic elements

Question 7

Functionalism

Answer 7

Approach that emphasized the function or purpose of behaviour and consciousness

Question 8

Psychoanalysis

Answer 8

Theory of personality and a method psychotherapy

Question 9

Biological Perspective

Answer 9

Approach that emphasizes how bodily events affect behaviour, feelings, and thoughts

Question 10

Learning Perspective

Answer 10

Approach that is concerned with how the environment and experience affects a person’s (or animal’s) actionas

Question 11

Behaviourism

Answer 11

How environmental rewards and punishments affect behaviour

Question 12

Social-cognitive learning theories

Answer 12

Combine elements of behaviourism with thoughts, values, expectations, and intentions

Question 13

Cognitive Perspective

Answer 13

Approach that emphasizes mental process in perception, memory, language, problem solving, and reasoning

Question 14

Socio-cultural Perspective

Answer 14

Approach the emphasizes social influences on behaviour

Question 15

Psychodynamic Perspective

Answer 15

Approach that emphasizes unconscious dynamics within the individual, such as inner forces, conflicts, or instinctual energy

Question 16

Humanist Psychology

Answer 16

Approach that emphasizes personal growth and the achievement of human potential

Question 17

Feminist Psychology

Answer 17

Approach that analyzes the influence of social inequalities on gender relations and on the behaviour of the two sexes

Question 18

Theory

Answer 18

Organized system of assumptions and principles that aim to explain human behviour

Question 19

Hypothesis

Answer 19

Prediction between variables (Educated guess)

Question 20

Operational Definition

Answer 20

Define terms in hypothesis by specifying how they are defined and measured

Question 21

Two main parts of the nervous system

Answer 21

Central nervous system and Peripheral nervous system

Question 22

Sensory Nerves (afferent neurons)

Answer 22

Carry messages via receptors

Question 23

Motor Nerves (efferent neurons)

Answer 23

Carry orders from central nervous system

Question 24

2 subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system

Answer 24

Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

Question 25

Gila

Answer 25

cells that support, nurture and support the neurons

Question 26

Dendrites

Answer 26

Branch-like fibres that receive information from other neurons and transmit them towards the body

Question 27

Axon

Answer 27

extending fibres that conducts impulses away from the cell body

Question 28

Myelin sheath

Answer 28

speeds conduction of neural impulses and prevent interference from neighbouring signals

Question 29

Hormones

Answer 29

Regulate growth, metabolism, sexual development and behaviour

Question 30

Major Hormones

Answer 30

Melatonin, Oxytocin, Adrenal hormones and Sex hormones

Question 31

Melatonin

Answer 31

regulates daily biological rhythms and sleep

Question 32

Oxytocin

Answer 32

Childbirth contractions and milk ejection

Question 33

Adrenal hormones

Answer 33

emotion, stress

Question 34

Sex Hormones

Answer 34

Androgens and estrogens

Question 35

Brainstem

Answer 35

Medulla, Pons, Reticular activating system

Question 36

Medulla

Answer 36

Responsible for automatic functions such as breathing and heart rate

Question 37

Pons

Answer 37

Involved sleeping, waking and dreaming

Question 38

Reticular activating system

Answer 38

Extends from brainstem; arouses cortex and screens incoming information

Question 39

Cerebellum

Answer 39

- regulates movement and balance - involved in learning certain kinds of simple skills and acquired reflexes - role in complex cognitive tasks

Question 40

Thalamus

Answer 40

Brain structure that relays sensory messages to the cerebral cortex like sensory messages except those from olfactory bulb

Question 41

Hypothalamus

Answer 41

involves emotions and drives vital to survival like fear and hunger

Question 42

Pituitary Gland

Answer 42

Endocrine gland and base of brain that releases many hormones and regulates other endocrine glands

Question 43

2 parts of the Limbic system

Answer 43

Anygdala and Hipp