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Gen Chem I > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is chemistry?

A

the study of matter, its properties, and the changes it undergoes.

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2
Q

Deifine Matter

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space

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3
Q

Two classifications of matter

A

State, composition

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4
Q

Three states of matter for water

A

Ice, liquid vapor, water vapor

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5
Q

Homogeneous mixture

A

Uniform, variable composition

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6
Q

heterogeneous mixture

A

Not uniform throughout

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7
Q

Element vs Cpd.

A

A cpd. contains more than one type of atom, element is pure

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8
Q

What is a substance?

A

Has distinct properties, composition does not vary from sample to sample

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9
Q

Two types of substances

A

Element, Cpd.

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10
Q

Can elements and cps. bc decomposed more?

A

Elements cannot be decomposed more, a compound can be decomposed into elements

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11
Q

What is the building block of matter?

A

Atom

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12
Q

What are elements made out of?

A

Unique kinds of atoms

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13
Q

What are cpds. made out of?

A

atoms from two or more different elements

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14
Q

How many elements are currently named?

A

118

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15
Q

How many elements make up 90% of the earth’s crust? What are they? (Largest to smallest %)

A

5, O, Si, Al, Fe, Ca

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16
Q

How many elements make up body’s mass? What are they? (Largest to smallest %)

A

3, O, C, H

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17
Q

What does the Law of Constant Composition state (AKA Law of Definite Proportions)

A

Cpds. have a definite composition. Means that the relative # of atoms of each element in cpd is the same in any sample

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18
Q

T/F Homogeneous mixtures and solutions are the same thing

A

True, A homogeneous mixture is also called a solution

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19
Q

Two types of properties

A

Physical, Chemical

20
Q

What are some examples of physical properties?

A

Color, odor, density, melting point, boiling point, hardness. Physical properties DO NOT change a substance into another substance

21
Q

Examples of chemical properties

A

Combustion & Oxidation. Chemical properties can ONLY be observed when a substance is changed into another substance

22
Q

Difference btwn intensive properties and extensive properties.

A

Intensive prop. are independent of the amount of the substance present, while extensive prop. depend upon the amount of the substance present

23
Q

Examples of intensive properties? What are they used for?

A

density, boiling point, color. Used for identifying a substance

24
Q

Examples of extensive properites

A

Mass, Volume, energy

25
Q

Physical vs chemical changes

A

Physical changes do not change composition, while chem changes do and result in new substances

26
Q

Examples of physical change

A

State change, temperature, volume

27
Q

Chemical changes

A

Combustion, oxidation, decomposition

28
Q

Some methods for separating mixtures

A

filtration, distillation, chromatography

29
Q

Describe filtration

A

Solid substances are separated from liquids and solutions

30
Q

Describe distillation

A

Uses difference in boiling points of subs to separate of homogeneous mixture into is components

31
Q

Define energy

A

The capacity to do work or transfer heat

32
Q

Define work

A

Energy transferred when a force exerted on an object causes a displacement of that object

33
Q

Heat

A

Energy used to cause the temperature of an object to increase

34
Q

Force

A

Any push/pull on an object

35
Q

Define kinetic energy & formula

A

Energy of motion;

KE=(1/2)mv^2

36
Q

Define potential energy

A

Energy that depends upon an object’s relative position compared to other objects

37
Q

Qualitative vs quantitiave

A

Relative characterization vs numerical characterization

38
Q

SI base unit for mass?

A

kilogram

39
Q

Metric system base unit for mass

A

Gram

40
Q

Base unit for length

A

Meter

41
Q

Freezing and Boiling points in celsius

A

0 and 100

42
Q

What is the base temp. unit for properties of gases

A

Kelvin

43
Q

Celsius to Kelvin equation

A

K=C+273.15

44
Q

F to C temperature equation

A

F=(9/5)(C)+32

45
Q

C to F temperatuer equations

A

C=(5/9)(F-32)

46
Q

Common units for density

A

g/cm^3 or g/mL

Gen Chem I (2 decks)

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